初中英语数词知识点和练习.doc

1、数词1. 什么叫做数词？表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。A 基数词的构成1）112有各自独立的形式。One，two, three ,four ,five ,six ,seven ,eight ,nine ,ten ,eleven ,twelve2）13-19都是相对应39加上teen构成，thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, 3）2090都以-ty结尾，特殊拼写的有 twenty, thirty, forty, fif

2、ty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety4）2199,整数十位数各位数，中间有 “”。5）百位数，由百位数and+两位数组成。注： 1、1000以上几个的词，每三位数加一个逗号，第一个逗号前的数为thousand，第二个逗号前的数为million（百万）, 第三个逗号前的数为billion（十亿），第四个逗号前的数为trillion（万亿） 888，888，888，888eight hundred and eighty-eight billion, eight hundred and eighty-eight million, eight hundred and e

3、ighty-eight thousand, eight hundred and eighty-eight2、基数词常与名词构成的合成词在句中作定语，中间要用连字符 “_”，这个名词只用单数形式a two hundred word reporta seven-day holiday a 3 year old girl 3. 基数词的用法1、表示一个具体数字时，hundred, thousand, million，billion一律不用复数；在表示一个不 确定数字时则用复数。例如： 1) Our country has a population of 1,300 million people. 2

4、) There are three thousand students in our school. 3) After the war, thousands of people became homeless. 4) Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.2、在一些表示“一排”或“一组”的词组里；如：They arrived in twos and threes.他们三三两两的到达了。3、表示“十”的数词的复 数形式可用来表示“几十岁” 或年代，例如： 1）He is in his e

5、arly thirties 2）He died still in his forties 3）This took place in 1930s4、表示时刻用基数词。例如： We get up at six. The workers begin work at eight. （1）表示“几点过几分”，用介词past,但须在半小时以内。例如： ten past ten, a quarter past nine, half past twelve（2）表示“几点差几分”用介词to, 但分数须 在半小时以上。例如： twenty to nine, five to eight, a quarter to

6、 ten 表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词。例如： seven fifteen, eleven thirty, nine twenty注意下列习惯表达方式： half an hour half a kilo one hour and a half= one and a half hours two and a half kilos = two kilos and a half one or two days = one day or two eighty meters long one thousand miles away five meters deep ( wide/ tall/ hig

7、h/long)five meters in depth / width/ height/ lengthB. 序数词的构成1）13分别为first,second,third 。2）419都是在后面加上th,特殊的有 fifth, eighth, ninth,twelfth。3）2090把y变成ie然后加th,如twentieth。4）2199的序数词变后面的个位数。 序数词可以用缩写，如1st, 2nd, 3rd ,4th序数词的用法（1）序数词主要用作定语，前面要加定冠词，例如：The first truck is carrying a food basketsJohn lives on th

8、e fifteenth floor（2）序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”这样的意思，例如：Well have to do it a second time Shall I ask him a third time？ When I sat down，a fourth man rose to speak（3）表示年，月，日时， 年用基数词表示，日用序数词表示。例如：1949年十月一日读作: October (the) first, nineteen forty-nine2004年九月十日读作：September (the) tenth, two thousand and four

9、（4）表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母加-s。例如：1/4 one-fourth; 2/3 two-thirds; 1/2 a(one)half; 1/4 1(one)quarter; 3/4 three-quarters; *76/92 seventy-six over ninety-two（5）序数词也可以用作副词，When did you first see him?Which horse came in first?（6）基数词也能表示顺序，如书刊的页的数目，住所、房间、教室、电话号码等等。Page Eight, Room 304，Class Seve

10、n,7）倍数表示法主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。(8) 在世纪：in the twenty-first century in the nineteenth century1. About _ students in our class can describe that place in English. A. three-fifths B. three-fifth C. third-five D. third-fifths 答案：A。该题考查的是分数的表示法。分子用基数词表示，

11、分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母应加-s，因此应选A。2. Nine _ pounds a week? Thats very good. A. hundred of B. hundreds of C. hundreds D. hundred 答案：D。该题考查的是数词的用法。Nine hundred是一个具体的数量，这是数词不能用复数形式，后面也不能加of。所以应选D。一、房间、书刊、汽车、电话等号码1房间 Room 106 = Room one o six 第106号房间2书刊Part 2 = part two (the second part)第二部分Lesson Ten = the

12、tenth lesson第十课Page 127 = page one two seven第127页Chapter Four = the fourth chapter第四章 Section Twenty-one the twenty-first section 第二十一节3Bus 26/ the No. 26 bus 汽车26 路车4电话4729646 =four seven two nine six four six2822886 =two eight double two double eight six二、年、月、日、星期、钟点表示方法1年前面用介词in(在) 1961年 (in) 196

13、1 读作 (in) nineteen sixty-one(在) 1800年 (in) 1800 读作 (in) eighteen hundred(在) 1909年 (in) 1909 读作 (in) nineteen and nine(在) 20世纪90年代 (in) the 1990s 读作 (in) the nineteen nineties(在) 2000年 (in) 2000 读作 (in) two thousand(在) 2001年 (in) 2001 读作 (in) twenty and o one2月前面用介词in，月份头一个字母须大写， 后附有缩写形式(in) January

14、Jan. （ 在）一月(in) February Feb. （在）二月(in) March Mar. (在）三月(in)April Apr。 （在）四月（in）May May （ 在）五月(in)June June（在）六月(in)JulyJuly（在）七月(in)August Aug. （在）八月(in)September Sept.（在）九月(in)October Oct. （在）十月（In）NovemberNov. （在）十一月(In) December Dec.（在）十二月3日前面用介词on，用序数词（前面加the） 表示“某日”On the first一日 on the eighth

15、 八日a）某个节日前用 on(on) the first of January 或(on) January (the) first 元旦（一月一日）(on) the twenty-fifth of December - Christmas Day或(on) December (the) twenty-fifth 十二月二十五日 圣诞节b）某年、某月前用 inin October， 1965（读作 in October, nineteen sixty-five） 1965 年 10 月c）某年、某月、某日前用 onon October 29，1990读作 on October the twent

16、y-ninth, nineteen ninety） on October 1，1949（读作on October the first, nineteen forty-nine）4星期前面用介词on，星期头一个字母要大写On Monday（在）星期一,On Tuesday （在）星期二,On Wednesday （在）星期三On Thursday（在）星期四, On Friday（在）星期五,On Saturday（在）星期六,On Sunday（在）星期日5钟点通常前面用介词atDavid gets up at six oclock in the morning.戴维早晨六点起床。6“几点几分

17、”的表示方法1）用介词past或 after表示“几点过几分”，但 分钟须在半小时内（包括半小时）.Now it is five past ten. 现在是七点过五分。Now it is a quarter past two. 现在是二点一刻。Now it is half past ten. 现在是十点半。Now it is a few minutes after two. 现在是两点过几分。2）用介词to表示“几点差几分”，但分钟必须在 半小时以上（不包括半小时）。如：six to ten差六分十点A quarter to Nine 差一刻九点Twenty one to eleven 差二十

18、八分十一点3)也可以直接读时间9:25读作 nine twenty-five12:30 读作 twelve thirty8:30 a.m. = eight thirty a.m. 上午八点三十分the 4:15 p.m. flight= the four fifteen p.m. flight下午四点十五分航班7表示“时间的一定点”用atat noon 在中午at daybreak/ at dawn 在天刚亮的时候 at midnight 在半夜8表示“特定的时，日”用onOn time准时On the morning of the tenth 在十日早上on the evening of S

19、aturday在星期六的晚上9表示不定的某日白天、上午、下午、晚等用“in”，但night则必须用“at”In the daytime在白天In the morning 在早上At night在夜里2小数词(decimal fractional)小数点读作ponit，其后的数词分开来一个一个地读，0可读作zero（或nought），也可读作ou。如0.2 - o ou point two; nought (zero) point two0.03 - o ou point o ou three;nought (zero) point nought (zero) three1.19 - one p

20、oint one nine13.470 - one three point four seven o ou/ thirteen point four seven o ou 3百分数读百分数时，只要在基数词或小数词之后加上percent即可。如：25 - twenty-five per cent8 - eight per cent0.5 - o ou point five percent0.16- nought/zero point one six per cent四、数量增加的表示及译法1increase (rise, grow, go up) bya. 这条新生产线使效率提高百分之二十。 T

21、he new production-line increases efficiency by 20 per cent.b. 人口增加了十万，共为三千万。The population has increased by 100, 000 to30,000,000c. 与去年相比，产量增长五倍。 Compared with last year, the output goesup 5 times.d. 1985年以来电视产量增加了6倍The production of TV sets has been increased by 6 times since 19852double (twice), n

22、 times 表示倍数的增加 double (twice) 为两倍,增加一倍,翻一番 n times为 n倍，增加 n-1倍a. 目前的产量是过去的两倍。 The production is now double what it was.b. 1999年产量翻了一番。In 1999, the production doubled.c. 罗伯特驾车驶过从纽约到休斯顿两倍那么远的距离。Robert drove twice the distance from New York to Huston.3用more (higher, better) than表示 数量的增加a. 这所学校曾经只有男学生，而

23、现在这所学校既有男学生也有女学生，女生人数超过15。The school used to have boys only, but it now has both boys and girls with the number of girls more than15 per cent. b. 我国现在的教育水平已是解放前的几百倍。（或现在我国的教育水平比解放前提高了几百倍The level of our national education is hundreds of times higher now than before liberation.c. 太阳的大小是地球的几千倍（或：太阳比地球

24、大几千倍。）The sun is thousands of times larger than the earth.4用as much(many, long, fast) as表示 数量的增加6 times as much as 六倍那么多，多五倍half as long as 一半那么长30 as heavy as 百分之三十那么重 one fourth as great as 四分之一那么大a. 这座桥长是那座桥的二倍。 This bridge is twice as long as that one.b. The power of this engine is three fourths

25、 as great as the power of that one. c. 这块大石头的重量几乎是那块小的十倍The big stone is nearly 10 times as heavy as the small one.五、数量减少的表示及译法 reduce (fall, drop, cut, shorten ) reduce to 10降到10，减少90reduce by 20减少 20（只有原来的80fall by 15下降 15drop by 30下降 30cut (cost) 26降低（成本）26shorten4 times 使缩短为原来四分之一，缩短四分之三n times

26、less是的n分之一twice thinner厚度只及一半 自1979从年以来这个地区的出生率下降了40。The birth rate in this area has dropped by 40 since 1979 月球上的重力是地球上的六分之一。The force of gravity on the moon is six times less powerful than that on the earth. 大桥使两座城市间距缩短为原来的六分之一。The bridge shortens the distance betweenthe two cities 6 times. 六、大约数的

27、表示方法（1）用 ten、dozen、score、hundred、thousand 、 million 等数词的复数后加 of 短语来表示几十、几百、上千、成千上万等大约数概念。如：a. The little boy buys dozens of pencils every term.b. Thousands of people died in the earthquake.c. Every year tens of thousands of people go to work in Guangdong Province.（2）用 less than、under、below、almost、ne

28、arly、up to 等来表示小于或接近某数目。如： He is good at English, so he can finish the paper in less than two hours.（3）用 more than、over、above、beyond、or more等来表示超过或多于某个数目。如： Peking University has a history of more than 100 years.（4）用 or、or so、about、around、some、more or less 等表示在某一数目左右。如： About 50 people were present

29、at that time.（5）用 to、from to、between and 表示介于两数词。如： His salary rises from 20 dollars a week to 35 dollars a week.（6）注意事项：dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million 作数词表示确切数量时，不用复数。如：three score, five dozen, seven million 等。 实战演练1. It is said that SARS has killed more than _ people worldwide. A. three hund

30、reds B. three hundreds C. three hundreds D. three hundred 2. -How many workers are there in your factory? -There are two _. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of 3. -Which is the smallest number of the four? -_. A. Two-thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths4. -What do you think

31、 of a war, Li Ming? -Ive no idea. But its a fact that _ people had to leave their hometown during the War on Iraq. A. three thousands B. thousand of C. thousands of D. several thousands5. We all think that the _ century will bring us more hopes. A. twenty-first B. twentieth-first C. twenty-one D. tw

32、entieth-one6. -Can you write the number eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six? -Yes, it is _. A. 856620 B. 85626 C. 58662 D. 586267. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _. A. July 1, 1921 B. October 1, 1949 C. August 1, 1927 D. May 1, 19228. I was 8 years old when my father was 31

33、. This year my father is twice my age. How old am I? A. 21 B. 22 C. 23 D. 24 9. _ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics.A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 10. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _one. ur A. three B. third C. forth D. /