成考英语复习资料.docx

1、 自考英语二重点讲解复习资料自考英语二复习资料第一章重点单词扩充讲解：1.organizational:a组织上的由此我们可以联想到：organize:v组织；organization:n组织；organizer:n组织者请看下列习题，选择该组词里恰当的词填空：1).Lastweek,ourschool_aspringouting.2).Thetaskcallsforthehighest_skill.3).ChinahasjoinedWorldTrade_.4).Heisthe_ofthespeechcontest.Answers:organized,organizational,Organi

2、zation,organizer2.objective:n目标；a客观的，反义词subjective:主观的3.predict:v预言、预示；由此我们可以联想到：prediction:n预言；predictable:a可预测的；predictor:n预言家4.simplify:v简化由此我们可以联想到：simple:a简单的；simply:ad简单地，仅仅地；simplification:n简化；simplified:a被简化的。Exercisesfortheabovewords:1).Themachineis_inoperationbutcomplexinstructure.2).Shake

3、spearesRomeoandJulietintheoriginalisbeyondourcapacitywhile_editionisquiteeasy.3).Thereisnopointinarguingaboutit,becauseitis_aquestionofprocedure.4).The_ofworkingprocessfreedtheworkersfroheavylabor.Answers:simple;simplified;simply;simplification5.tendency:n趋势、倾向；tend:v倾向于，tendtodosthe.g.oldpeoplehave

4、thetendencyofgettingfatter.Oroldpeopletendtogetfatter.6.managerial:a经理的、经营上的；由此我们可以联想到：manage:v管理、经营；management:n;manager:n经营者，管理者；manageable:a可管理的、可经营的。7.argue:v争辩、争论，常用固定搭配：arguwithsbabout/oversth由于某事而同某人争论；arguesbintodoingsth说服某人做某事；arguesboutofdoingsth说服某人不要做某事。e.g.1.Theyoungcouplealwaysarguewit

5、heachotherovertheirchildseducation.2.Iarguedhimoutofgoingonsuchadangerousjourney.8.define:v给下定义；definition:n定义9.profitability:n赚钱，获利由此我们可以联想到：profit:n利润；profitable:a有利可图的,有好处的；profitless:a没有利润的。1).Hehasmadea_fromrunningasmallrestaurant.2).Thedealwas_toallofus.3).Theyvalued_differently,whichledtodisa

6、greementastothecorrectnessofdecision.Answer:profit,profitable;profitability.10.correctness:n正确性；字根：correct:a正确的；v纠正，correction:n纠正；incorrect:a不正确的。11.unintended:a非计划中的，由此我们可以联想到：intend:v打算，计划；intention:n；intended:a计划中的课文难句讲解、分析1.Adecisionisachoicemadefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailab

7、le.(p1)译：决策就是从几种可以选择的做法中作出选择。分析：该句是主系表结构。madefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable是过去分词短语做定语修饰achoice;其中thatareavailable是定语从句修饰coursesofaction.像这样一环修饰一环的句子结构在英文中很普遍，因此为了看懂句子大家必须学会分析。这是整个英语学习过程中很重要的能力！2.Thereasonformakingadecisionisthataproblemexists,goalsorobjectivesarewrong,orsomethin

8、gisstandinginthewayofaccomplishingthem.(p1)译：做出决策的原因是因为存在问题，目标或目的有错误，或者有某种东西防碍着它们的实现。分析：该句又是主系表结构。That引导三个并列的表语从句，aproblemexists，goalsorobjectivesarewrong；somethingisstandinginthewayofaccomplishingthem。短语：makeadecision:做出决策；standintheway:阻挡、防碍3.Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbeand

9、trytoleaveaslittleaspossibletochance,butsinceuncertaintyisalwaysthere,riskaccompaniesdecisions.(p2)译：通常管理者必须对未来的情况做出最佳预测，从而使偶然性尽可能少地发生，但因为不确定性总是存在，所以决策常伴随着风险。分析：前半句是主谓宾结构。whatthefuturewillbe是at的宾语；aslittleaspossible做leave的宾语；since引导原因状语从句，相当于because.4.Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecisiontobemade.(p3)

10、译：如果没有选择，就不会有决策。分析：这是一句很简单的条件状语从句，但它有一个很重要的考点：tobemade。这是动词不定式做定语修饰decision，有将来意味。比如：Thelastquestiontobediscussedtodayishowtodividetheworkamongourselves.5.Formanagers,everydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelike.(p3)译：对于管理者而言，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律以及惯例等因素制约。分析：这句话的考点是bas

11、edonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelike。同样是过去分词短语做定语修饰constraints。其中词组：baseon以为基础。如：ThefilmisbasedonsshortstorybyJackLondon.6.Butthetendencytosimplifyblindsthemtootheralternatives.(p4)译：但是这种简化的倾向使得他们看不到其他可供选择的方法。分析：该句主语thetendencytosimplify，谓语blinds;them是宾语。tosimplify是定语，修饰thetendency；too

12、theralternatives是宾补。其中短语：blindsbtosth:使看不见；weshouldntletourprejudicesblindustothefacts.7.Becauseindividuals(andorganizations)frequentlyhavedifferentideasabouthowtoattainthegoals,thebestchoicemaydependonwhomakesthedecision.(p6line4-6)译：因为个人（和组织）关于如何达到目的常有不同的观点，哪种是最优的选择可能要看是谁做出决策。分析：这是一个由because引导的原因状

13、语从句。其中howtoattainthegoals做介词about的宾语，whomakesthedecision做介词on的宾语。8.Someoftheseobjectivesaremoreimportantthanothers,buttheorderanddegreeofimportanceoftenvaryfrompersontopersonandfromdepartmenttodepartment.(p7line2-4)译：其中有一些目标比其它的更重要，但其顺序和重要程度因人和不同的部门而异。分析：请注意比较级moreimportantthan，词组：varyfrompersontope

14、rson译成中文：因人而异，可以推出：因季节而异varyfromseasontoseason.9.Whenpresentedwithacommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblems,productionmanagersseeproductionproblems,andsoon.(p7line5-7)译：当面对同一件日常事情时，销售经理倾向于看销售问题，而生产经理则会看生产相关的问题，等等。分析：前半部分为常考内容，它是when+过去分词短语，构成时间状语部分。其中词组：bepresentedwith=befacedwith当面对Whenfacedw

15、ithdifficulties,weshouldbebrave.10.Peopleoftenassumethatadecisionisanisolatedphenomenon.(p9)译：人们经常假设一项决策是孤立的现象。分析：句子结构简单：主谓宾（从句）。其中assume:=imagine;isolated:adj孤立的。phenomenon:n现象；复数变化较特殊：phenomena6.Butthetendencytosimplifyblindsthemtootheralternatives.(p4)译：但是这种简化的倾向使得他们看不到其他可供选择的方法。分析：该句主语thetendenc

16、ytosimplify，谓语blinds;them是宾语。tosimplify是定语，修饰thetendency；tootheralternatives是宾补。其中短语：blindsbtosth:使看不见；weshouldntletourprejudicesblindustothefacts.7.Becauseindividuals(andorganizations)frequentlyhavedifferentideasabouthowtoattainthegoals,thebestchoicemaydependonwhomakesthedecision.(p6line4-6)译：因为个人（

17、和组织）关于如何达到目的常有不同的观点，哪种是最优的选择可能要看是谁做出决策。分析：这是一个由because引导的原因状语从句。其中howtoattainthegoals做介词about的宾语，whomakesthedecision做介词on的宾语。8.Someoftheseobjectivesaremoreimportantthanothers,buttheorderanddegreeofimportanceoftenvaryfrompersontopersonandfromdepartmenttodepartment.(p7line2-4)译：其中有一些目标比其它的更重要，但其顺序和重要程

18、度因人和不同的部门而异。分析：请注意比较级moreimportantthan，词组：varyfrompersontoperson译成中文：因人而异，可以推出：因季节而异varyfromseasontoseason.9.Whenpresentedwithacommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblems,productionmanagersseeproductionproblems,andsoon.(p7line5-7)译：当面对同一件日常事情时，销售经理倾向于看销售问题，而生产经理则会看生产相关的问题，等等。分析：前半部分为常考内容，它是when+过

19、去分词短语，构成时间状语部分。其中词组：bepresentedwith=befacedwith当面对Whenfacedwithdifficulties,weshouldbebrave.10.Peopleoftenassumethatadecisionisanisolatedphenomenon.(p9)译：人们经常假设一项决策是孤立的现象。分析：句子结构简单：主谓宾（从句）。其中assume:=imagine;isolated:adj孤立的。phenomenon:n现象；复数变化较特殊：phenomena自考英语二复习资料第二章重点单词、词组详讲1.interview:n/v采访、面试；int

20、erviewer:n采访者；interviewee:n被采访者e.g.1.WhosthemostfamouspersonyouveeverinterviewedonTV?2.InaTVinterviewlastnight,shedeniedshehadanyintentionofresigning.2.criticism:n批评，评论；criticize:v批评；critical:a批评的、挑剔的、关键的；critic:n评论家,请填填看。1Heisaliterary_.2Weareata_timeinourhistory.3Hecanttake_.4Theboywas_byhisfather

21、forbeinglateforschool.Answers:critic,critical,criticism,criticized3.indifference:n冷漠、漠不关心；indifferent:a冷漠的，反义词：enthusiastic:热情的cf:different:a不同的，名词：difference;反义词：same.4.inefficiency:n无效，由此联想得到：efficient:a高效率的；efficiency:ninefficient:a低效率的5.conservative:a保守的、保存的；conserve:v保存；conservation:n6.applytos

22、bforsth:向某人申请某物e.g.Thestudentappliedtotheembassyforavisa.7.takethetroubletodosth:不辞劳苦、费力地做某事e.g.IfyoutookthetroubletolistentowhatIwassaying,youdknowwhatIwastalkingabout.8.putoneselfinsomebodysplace:设身处地Ifyouputyourselfinyourmothersplace,youwillunderstandwhysheissoworriedaboutyou.9.inhand:手头上有，进行中Ive

23、gotenoughmoneyinhandtobuyanewcar.10.turndown:调小，降低，拒绝TurndowntheTV,forthebabyissleeping.Heturneddownthejobbecausethepayisntgoodenough.课文难句分析1.Thekeywordsherearepreparationandconfidence,whichwillcarryyoufar.（p2）译：这里的关键词是准备和自信，它们将使你前程远大。分析：whichwillcarryyoufar非限定性定语从句，修饰preparationandconfidence。另外请注意：

24、key关键的；preparation是prepare的名词；confidence:n信心。Confident:a有信心的；self-confidence:自信心。2.Findoutallyoucanaboutthejobyouareapplyingforandtheoriginationyouhopetoworkfor.(p4)译：了解你所申请的工作和你希望为之工作的组织。分析：youareapplyingfor定语，修饰thejob;youhopetoworkfor定语修饰theorigination。词组：applytosbforsth向某人申请什么。3.Itshowsanunattrac

25、tiveindifferencetoyouremployerandtoyourjob.(p6)译：它表明你对雇主和你的工作的态度冷漠，不感兴趣。分析：it主语；shows谓语；anunattractiveindifference宾语；toyouremployerandtoyourjob间接宾语。Showsthtosb=showsbsth.另外，请注意：indifference:冷漠，漠视。4.Hewantssomebodywhoishard-workingwithapleasantpersonalityandarealinterestinthejob.(p7)分析：whoishard-work

26、ingwithapleasantpersonalityandarealinterestinthejob全部都是定语，修饰somebody。注意介词with表示带有。；haveinterestinsth对有兴趣。5.Anythingthatyoufindoutabouttheprospectiveemployercanbeusedtoyouradvantageduringtheinterviewtoshowthatyouhavebotheredtomastersomefactsaboutthepeoplewhoyouhopetoworkfor.(p8)译：你找到的任何有关未来雇主的信息在面试中都

27、能为你所用，以表示你费了心思去掌握一些关于你希望为其工作的人的事实。分析：从这个句子的长度大家也能看出这是一个复杂句。主体结构为：anythingcanbeusedtoyouradvantage.thatyoufindoutabouttheprospectiveemployer是定语从句；duringtheinterview状语；toshowthatyouhavebotheredtomastersomefactsaboutthepeoplewhoyouhopetoworkfor是目的状语；whoyouhopetoworkfor是另外一个定语从句修饰thepeople.词组：toyouradva

28、ntage:对你有利；workforsb为某人工作。6.Donotbeafraidtoaskforclarificationofsomethingthathasbeensaidduringtheinterviewifyouwanttobesurewhatwasimplied,butdobepolite.(p10)译：面试中如果你想确切地知道某些话的含义，不要害怕请对方解释清楚，但一定要有礼貌。分析：基本句型：notbeafraidtodosth;不要害怕去做某事；askforclarification要求澄清；thathasbeensaidduringtheinterview定语，修饰some

29、thing;whatwasimplied宾语；dobepolite:其中do为了强调，如：dobecareful!Idoloveyou!Hedoeslietous!7.Havetheletterinvitingyouforaninterviewreadytoshowincasethereisanydifficultyincommunication.(p16)译：拿着邀请你面试的通知书，以防万一交谈出现困难时显示。分析：这是一个祈使句。Have动词，拿着；theletter宾语；invitingyouforaninterview现在分词做定语；readytoshow状语；incasetherei

30、sanydifficultyincommunication条件状语从句；词组：thereissomedifficultyinsth/doingsth在方面有困难。如：WehavesomedifficultyspeakingEnglishfluently.8.Thereislittlelikelihoodthatapaneloffivewantstogothroughtheprocessofallshakinghandswithyouinturn.(p20)译：由五个人构成的专门小组几乎不可能轮流与你握手。分析：这句话的重点在于thatapaneloffiveantstogothroughthe

31、processofallshakinghandswithyouinturn是一个同位语从句，是对littlelikelihood的解释。其中：likelihood:n可能性，相当于possibility;gothrough经历；inturn:轮流。9.Wouldyoumindrephrasingthequestion,please?(p23)译：您介意换个说法来问这个问题吗？分析：考点minddoingsth.如：WouldyoumindturningdowntheTV?语法：介绍as的相关用法as是一个乍一看简单，但实际在英语中用法很复杂的小词。从词类上讲，可以用作介词、副词、连词以及关系代

32、词；从语法功能角度来看，可以构成介词宾语，引导原因状语从句，时间状语从句，方式状语从句，让步状语从句，比较状语从句和定语从句。此外as还出现在很多固定搭配中，如：asif,asthough,aslongas,asto,asfor,soasto,etc.请看下列例句,并请分析出as的具体用法。1.IworkasanEnglishteacherinamiddleschool.2.Runasfastasyoucan.3.Youngasheis,heknowsmorethanI.4.JustasIwasleaving,thetelephonerang.5.PleasedoasIhavetoldyou.

33、6.AsIamtheoldestchildinmyfamily,Imusttakecareoftheotherchildren.7.Suchpeopleasyouhavedescribedarerarenow|自考英语二复习资料第三章1.astronomer:n天文学家；astronomy:n天文学2.explode:v爆炸,由此联想：explosive:a爆炸性的/n炸药；explosion:n爆炸1).Whenthebomb_,manypeoplewereseriouslywounded.2).Theunexpected_frightenedthelittlegirl.3).Itmight

34、bepossibletoconvert_energyintoheat.Answers:exploded,explosion,explosive3.density:n密度；联想产生：dense:a密度大的，反义词：sparse;densely:ad高密度地；densely-populated人口稠密的；sparsely-populated人口稀疏的1).The_fogkeptthetravelersfromfindingthecorrectdirection.2).Thebusinessareaofthecityis_populated.3).Thisliquidhasamuchgreater_

35、thanwater.Answers:dense,densely,density4.shrink:v收缩、退缩、缩水1).Asaresultofcarelesswashing,thejackethasshrunktoachildssize.2).Thegirlshrinksatthesightofblood.5.measurement:n衡量、测量；由此联想：measure:n措施/v衡量、测量；measurable:a可衡量的，可测量的1).Wemusttake_toprotectourenvironment.2).Wehavecomewithin_distanceofsuccess.3).C

36、locksgiveusa_oftime.4).Theretherainfallis_notininchesbutinfeet.Answers:measures,measurable,measurement,measured6.implication:n含义、暗示；imply:v暗示7.basis:n基础、根据，由此可以联想得到：base:n底部；v以为底，为根据；basic:a基础的，根本的；basically:ad根本上来说,1).IfyouwanttoimproveyourEnglish,youmusthaveasolid_.2).Thefurnitureofoutdormisreally

37、_:twobeds,twochairsandtables.3).Thechargesarefalsefortheyarenot_onprovenfacts.4).Sincenobetterplancanbeworkedout,wehavetoadoptthe_workableone.Answers:basis,basic,based,basically8.observatory:n天文台；由此可以联想得到：observe:v观察；observation:n观察；observer:n观察家9.convincing:a有说服力的，使人信服的；convince:v使人信服；convinced:a感到

38、有说服力的，常见搭配：convincesbofsth;convincesbthat1).Hegaveusaconvincingspeech.2).Heconvincedmefhissincerity. 10.operate:v运转、操作、动手术；operation:n手术，操作；operator:操作者11.researchinto对进行研究SheisresearchingintopossiblecuresforAIDS.12.swallowup:吞没、耗尽Manysmallbusinesseshavebeenswallowedupbylargecompanies.13.applytosb/s

39、th：适用于某人/某事，请对比：applytosbforsth向某人申请某事；applyAtoB将A应用于B1).Youshouldapplywhatyouhavelearnedtoyourwork.2).Iappliedtohimforanewjob.3).ThestudymethoddoesntapplytoeveryoneAnalyzetheimportantsentencesamongthetext1.Well,itsdifficulttoanswerthisquestion,sincethetermswewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphe

40、nomenonareinadequatehere.(p1)译：哦，这个问题很难回答，因为我们通常用来描述一种科学现象的现有术语在这里不够用。句子分析：it是形式主语，toanswerthisquestion是句子主语；since引导原因状语从句，wewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenon是定语从句，修饰terms;inadequate:不充分的，不合格的。2.Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspacenotathingintowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape-notevenlight.(p1)译：天