1、AbstractThis engineering ,a high-rise steel-structure apartment is to be built by general building standards in the Minhang district of Shanghai City. According to the land which can be used,we will design a symmetric apartment. The height of the first floor is 3.9m and the height of the remaining e
2、ight floors are 3.0m,the total height of the building is 27.9m. The building security rating is 2. The design working life is 50 years. The reference wind pressure is W0=0.55KN/m2.Seismic fortification intensity of 7 degrees.The basic design for seismic acceleration values 0.1g .The site for categor
3、y . Design for the earthquake-first group.This engineering construction design adoption the frame construction. The structure of the vertical longitudinal loading analysis.Concrete contents include:Structural systems and structural layout; Beams cross-sectional estimations;Calculated sketch.Selectin
4、g the forthly axle structure as a framework for the calculation, and pillar axis lines for the span of the beam distance; Internal force calculation.Framework of the internal force in the vertical load calculated using iterative law;The level internal force calculations include the wind load and the
5、 earthquake load.Calculations were made internal force chart;Internal force combination.According to the previous calculated various internal force, separately make internal force combination of sesmic design and non-sesmic design;Cross-section of checking computations.Selecting the most disadvantag
6、ed groups of internal force as the Cross-section of checking computations; Foundation design.The design basis is a reinforced independent foundation;Node design;Pillar feet design. Key word: steel-structure, apartment, framework structure, sesmic design目 录1 设计资料11.1 结构平面布置11.2 设计基本资料12 框架计算简图及梁柱线刚度3
7、2.1确定框架的计算简图32.2框架梁柱的线刚度计算32.3框架梁柱的相对线刚度计算43 荷载取值及荷载组合53.1可变荷载取值53.2永久荷载取值53.3框架荷载计算73.4荷载计算汇总104 风荷载作用下的位移验算144.1侧移刚度144.2风荷载作用下框架侧移计算145 水平地震作用下的计算165.1重力荷载代表值的计算165.2 多遇地震作用标准值和位移验算196 内力计算216.1恒载标准值作用下内力计算216.2活荷载标准值作用下的内力计算286.3与地震作用相组合的重力荷载代表值作用下的内力计算356.4 风荷载标准值作用下的内力计算426.5横向地震(水平)作用下的内力计算49
8、7 内力组合558 截面验算718.1 梁验算718.2 柱验算738.3 节点验算828.4露出式柱脚设计909 基础设计929.1修正后的地基承载力特征值计算:929.2基础底面荷载计算:929.3受冲切承载力验算:939.4基础底板的配筋计算:94 1 设计资料1.1 结构平面布置本工程为纯钢框架公寓,结构平面布置如图1.1所示,横向两跨,跨度为9.3m和7.2m。框架9层,10榀横向框架,柱距4.8m。 1.2 设计基本资料 1) 建筑结构的安全等级为二级,设计使用年限为50年;2) 抗震设防烈度为7度,设计基本地震加速度值为0.10g,设计地震分组为第一组;建筑抗震设防类别为丙类;3
9、) 建筑场地土类别为III类;4) 工程地质条件:自然地表m内为填土,填土下层为m厚砂质黏土,再下层为砾石。砂质黏土承载力特征值为250 kN/m2,砾石层允许地基承载力特征值为350kN/m2,地下水位为-2.0m,无侵蚀性。各层土的重度均为20 kN/m2。5) 基本风压值W0=0.55KN/m2,地面粗糙度为B类。2 框架计算简图及梁柱线刚度2.1确定框架的计算简图框架的计算简图如图2.1所示,取轴上的一榀框架计算。假定框架柱嵌固于地面,框架梁与柱刚接,梁跨等于轴线之间的距离。底层柱高从基础顶面算至二层楼面,底层柱高为:3.90.34.2m,其余各层柱高从楼面算至上一层楼面(即层高),各
10、层均为3.0m。由此可绘出框架的计算简图如图2.1所示。2.2框架梁柱的线刚度计算 主要构件特征表 表 2.1构件尺寸(mm)截面面积(cm2)单位重(kg/m)截面特征HBtwtIx(cm4)Wx(cm3)ix(cm)Iy(cm4)Wy(cm3)iy(cm)下柱6005001625338265.3228954763226.0352102208412.42上柱5004501625297233.1139181556721.6537984168811.31主梁5002001016114.289.647800191020.521402144.33次梁40020081384.1266.02370011
11、9016.817401744.54全部钢材采用Q345B钢,各构件的刚度如下: AC跨梁:iACEI/l=2.06105N/mm247800104mm4/9300mm=1.06104kNmCD跨梁:iCDEI/l=2.06105N/mm247800104mm4/7200mm=1.37104kNm EI/l=2.06105N/mm2228954104mm4/4200mm=11.23104kNmi25EI/l=2.06105N/mm2228954104mm4/3000mm=15.72104kNmI69EI/l=2.06105N/mm2139181104mm4/3000mm=9.56104kNm2.
12、3框架柱相对线刚度计算令边柱i251.0,则其余各杆件的相对线刚度为:iAC=1.06104/15.72104=0.067iCD=1.37104/15.72104=0.087i底层柱=11.23104/15.72104=0.714i69 =9.56104/15.72104=0.608框架梁柱的相对线刚度作为计算各节点杆端弯矩分配系数的依据,如图2.1所示图2.1 框架相对线刚度图3 荷载取值及荷载组合3.1可变荷载取值1) 屋面和楼面活荷载标准值 根据建筑结构荷载规范(GB20009-2001)查得:上人屋面: 2.0kN/m2 楼面(住宅楼): 2.0 kN/m2 2) 风荷载标准值基本风压
13、:按上海地区50年一遇风荷载取其标准值为:0.55kN/m2。3) 雪荷载:Sk=0.2kN/m24) 地震荷载本设计中考虑地震荷载的作用。3.2永久荷载取值1)女儿墙自重(做法:墙高1200mm,100mm的混凝土压顶):1.2m0.20m6.5kN/m3+0.1m0.20m25kN/m3=2.06kN/m2)屋面防水层(刚性):30厚C20细石混凝土防水 1.0 kN/m2(柔性)三毡四油铺小石子 0.4 kN/m2找平层:20厚1:2水泥砂浆 0.02m20kN/m3=0.40 kN/m2结构层:100厚现浇混凝土楼板 0.10m25kN/m3=2.500 kN/m2压型钢板: 0.22
14、0 kN/m2装饰层: 0.300 kN/m2合计 4.82kN/m2 3) 楼面 1.10 kN/m2结构层:100厚现浇混凝土楼板 0.10m25kN/m3=2.500 kN/m2压型钢板: 0.220kN/m2装饰层: 0.300 kN/m2合计 4.12kN/m24)梁自重 主梁 HN5002001016: 89.6kg/m10N/kg0.896 kN/m防火及装饰: 0.50 kN/m合计 1.40kN/m 次梁HN400200813: 66.0kg/m10N/kg0.660 kN/m防火及装饰: 0.50 kN/m合计 1.16kN/m 基础梁(用于基础计算): bh250mm40
15、0mm 25kN/m30.25m0.4m=2.5kN/m 5)柱自重15层: H6005001625: 265.3kg/m10N/kg2.653 kN/m防火及装饰: 0.50 kN/m合计 3.15kN/m69层: H5004501625: 233.1kg/m10N/kg2.331 kN/m防火及装饰: 0.50 kN/m合计 2.83kN/m6)外纵墙自重底层纵墙 : (3.9m4.8m0.2m 2.4m1.5m0.2m)6.5kN/m3/4.8m=4.10kN/m铝合金窗 : 0.35kN/m22.4m1.5m/4.8m =0.26kN/m水泥粉刷内墙 : 0.36 kN/m2(3.4m
16、4.8m- 2.4m1.5m) /4.8m =0.96kN/m合计 5.32kN/m标准层纵墙 : (3.0m4.8m0.2m - 2.4m1.5m0.2m)6.5kN/m3/4.8m=2.93kN/m铝合金窗 0.35kN/m22.4m1.5m/4.8m =0.26 kN/m水泥粉刷内墙 : 0.36 kN/m2(2.5m4.8m- 2.4m1.5m) /4.8m =0.63kN/m合计 3.82kN/m7)内横墙自重墙体 : 2.5m0.2m6.5kN/m3=3.25kN/m水泥粉刷内墙 : 0.36 kN/m222.5m =1.8kN/m 合计 5.05kN/m3.3框架荷载计算1)AC
17、轴间框架梁屋面板传均布荷载:恒载:4.8m4.82kN/m2 =23.14kN/m活载:4.8m2.00kN/m2 =9.60kN/m楼面板传均布荷载:恒载:4.8m4.12kN/m2 =19.78kN/m活载:4.8m2.00kN/m2 =9.60kN/m AC轴间框架梁集中荷载为(均为恒载):屋面梁:恒载=次梁自重 =1.16kN/m4.8m=5.57kN楼面梁:2/A 轴:恒载 =次梁自重+次梁上墙体自重+二级次梁及其上墙体自重=1.16kN/m4.8m+5.05kN/m1.8m+(1.16kN/m+5.05kN/m)2.4m/2=22.11kN1/A轴:恒载=次梁自重=5.57kNB轴
18、:恒载=次梁自重+次梁上墙体自重+二级次梁及其上墙体自重=1.16kN/m4.8m+5.05kN/m4.8m+(1.16kN/m+5.05kN/m)2.4m/2=37.26kN AC轴间框架梁均布荷载为:屋面梁:主梁自重 +屋面板传荷载=1.4kN/m+23.14kN/m=24.54kN/m楼面梁:主梁自重+楼面板传荷载+内横墙自重=1.4kN/m+19.78kN/m+5.05kN/m =26.23kN/m屋面、楼面梁活载=板传活载=9.60 kN/m2)CD轴间框架梁屋面板传均布荷载:恒载:4.8m4.82kN/m2 =18.97kN/m活载:4.8m2.00kN/m2 =9.60kN/m楼
19、面板传均布荷载:恒载:4.8m4.12kN/m2 =19.78kN/m活载:4.8m2.00kN/m2 =9.60kN/mCD轴间框架梁集中荷载为(均为恒载):屋面梁:恒载=次梁自重=5.57kN楼面梁:1/C轴:恒载 =次梁自重+次梁上墙体自重+二级次梁及其上墙体自重=1.16kN/m4.8m+5.05kN/m1.8m+(1.16kN/m+5.05kN/m)2.4m/2=22.11kN 2/C轴:恒载=次梁自重=5.57kNCD轴间框架梁均布荷载为:屋面梁:主梁自重 +屋面板传荷载=1.4kN/m+23.14kN/m=24.54kN/m楼面梁:主梁自重+楼面板传荷载+内横墙自重=1.4kN/
20、m+19.78kN/m+5.05kN/m =26.23kN/m屋面、楼面梁活载=板传活载=9.60 kN/m3)A轴柱纵向集中荷载的计算顶层柱:天沟自重(采用0.3厚混凝土天沟,内天沟,可不考虑自重)顶层柱恒载女儿墙自重纵主梁自重2.06kN/m4.8m+1.4kN/m4.8m=16.61kN顶层柱活载0标准层柱恒载纵主梁自重及其上墙体自重(1.4kN+3.82kN)4.8m=25.06 kN标准层柱活载04)C轴柱纵向集中荷载的计算顶层柱:天沟自重(采用0.3厚混凝土天沟,内天沟,可不考虑自重)顶层柱恒载纵主梁自重1.4kN/m4.8m=6.72kN顶层柱活载0标准层柱恒载纵主梁自重及其上墙
21、体自重二级次梁所传荷载1.4kN/m4.8m+5.05kN/m1.8m+(1.16kN/m+5.05kN/m)2.4m/2=38.41kN 标准层柱活载05)D轴柱纵向集中荷载的计算顶层柱:天沟自重(采用0.3厚混凝土天沟,内天沟,可不考虑自重)顶层柱恒载女儿墙自重纵主梁自重2.06kN/m4.8m+1.4kN/m4.8m=16.61kN顶层柱活载0标准层柱恒载纵主梁自重及其上墙体自重(1.4kN/m+3.82kN/m)4.8m=25.06kN标准层柱活载06)柱自重69层柱自重: 2.83kN/m3.0m =8.492kN25层柱自重: 3.15kN/m3.0m =9.45kN底层柱自重:
22、3.15kN/m4.2m =13.23kN3.4荷载计算汇总1)竖向集中荷载标准值计算根据以下计算所得数据,列出以下荷载计算值如表3.13.3所示。表3.1竖向集中荷载标准值计算 (单位:kN)楼面集中荷载位置女儿墙重外纵墙重柱自重内隔墙重纵向主梁重次梁和墙体重楼屋面荷载竖向集中荷载恒载活载恒载(之和)活载屋面A轴线9.89-6.72-16.61-AC跨-5.575.575.57-5.575.575.57-C轴线-6.72-6.72-CD跨-5.575.57-5.575.57-D轴线9.89-6.72-16.61-标准层楼面A轴线-18.34-6.72-25.06-AC跨-5.5722.113
23、7.26-5.5722.1137.26-C轴线-24.24-6.727.45-38.41-CD跨-22.115.57-22.115.57-D轴线-18.34-6.72-25.06-2)竖向均布荷载标准值计算框架梁自重和横向隔墙自重以均布荷载的形式作用在框架梁上:表3.2竖向均布荷载标准值计算表 (单位:kN/m)楼层均布力位置横梁型号梁自重内横墙自重板传荷载均布荷载值+屋面AC跨(9.3m)HN500X200X10X161.423.1424.54CD跨(7.2m)HN500X200X10X161.423.1424.54标准层楼面AC跨(9.3m)HN500X200X10X161.45.0519
24、.7826.23CD跨(7.2m)HN500X200X10X161.45.0519.7826.233) 水平集中荷载标准值计算在本算例中由于不考虑地震荷载的作用,所以水平荷载计算即风荷载的计算。作用在屋面梁和楼面梁节点处的集中风荷载标准值:式中 基本风压wo=0.55kN/m2 (本工程位于上海市)风压高度变化系数,地面粗糙度为B类; 风荷载体型系数,根据建筑物的体型查得;风振系数,基本自振周期对于钢框架结构可用,应考虑风压脉动对结构发生顺风向风振的影响,,查表得,, 下层柱高;上层柱高,对顶层为女儿墙高度的2倍;迎风面的宽度,B4.8m。表3.3 集中风荷载标准值离地高度Z/m28.21.3
25、91.0001.721.30.5532.422.1525.21.340.8531.641.30.553322.6322.21.290.7701.601.30.553321.2519.21.230.5641.461.30.553318.4916.21.170.4361.371.30.553316.5013.21.090.3071.281.30.553314.3710.21.010.1941.191.30.553312.387.21.000.1081.111.30.553311.434.21.000.0401.041.30.554.2312.85以上的荷载值见荷载图3.1。4 风荷载作用下的位移验
26、算4.1侧移刚度见表4.1、表4.2、表4.3.表4.1 横向69层D值的计算构件名称A轴柱0.110.056373C轴柱0.250.1114021D轴柱0.140.078923表4.2 横向25层D值的计算构件名称A轴柱0.080.0398174C轴柱0.160.07415510D轴柱0.090.0439013表4.3 横向底层D值的计算构件名称A轴柱0.0940.0453438C轴柱0.2160.0987487D轴柱0.1220.05844314.2风荷载作用下框架侧移计算水平荷载作用下框架的层间侧移可按下式计算: 式中 第j层的总剪力;第j层所有柱的抗侧刚度之和;第j层的侧移刚度;j层侧
27、移 顶层侧移 钢框架在风荷载作用下侧移的计算见表4.4表4.4风荷载作用下框架侧移计算层数922.1522.15293170.00081/3750822.6344.78293170.00151/2000721.2566.03293170.00231/1305618.4984.52293170.00291/1035516.50101.02326970.00311/968414.37115.39326970.00351/857312.38127.77326970.00391/769211.43139.20326970.00431/698112.85152.05153560.00991/424侧移验
28、算: 层间侧移最大值 1/4241/300 满足要求(据建筑抗震设计规范GB50011-2001表5.5.1弹性层间位移角限值多、高层钢结构为1/300) 柱顶侧移最大值 总=0.0322/28.2=1/8331/500 满足要求。5 水平地震作用下的计算5.1该建筑高度为28.2m,采用底部剪力法计算。作用于屋面梁和各层楼面梁处的重力荷载代表值为:屋面梁处:Gw=结构与构件自重+50%活载楼面梁处:GE i=结构与构件自重+50%活载其中结构和构件自重取楼面上下高范围内(屋面梁处取顶层的一半)的结构和构件自重,重力荷载代表值计算如下 表5.1 A柱 (单位:kN)层数恒载活载9Gw=16.6
29、1+8.490.5+18.340.5=30.03068Gw=25.06+8.49=33.5505Gw=25.06+(8.49+9.45)0.5=34.03024Gw=25.06+9.45=34.5101Gw=25.06+(9.45+13.23)0.5=36.400表5.2 C柱 (单位:kN)层数恒载活载9Gw=6.72+8.490.5+24.240.5=23.09068Gw=38.41+8.49=46.9005Gw=38.41+(8.49+9.45)0.5=47.38024Gw=38.41+9.45=47.8601Gw=38.41+(9.45+13.23)0.5=49.750表5.3 D柱
30、(单位:kN)层数恒载活载9Gw=16.61+8.490.5+18.340.5=30.03068Gw=25.06+8.49=33.5505Gw=25.06+(8.49+9.45)0.5=34.03024Gw=25.06+9.45=34.5101Gw=25.06+(9.45+13.23)0.5=36.400表 5.4 AC梁AC梁恒 载活 载(kN/m)均布荷载(kN/m)集中荷载(3个)(kN)924.545.575.575.579.61826.235.5722.1137.269.6表 5.5 CD梁CD梁恒 载活 载(kN/m)均布荷载(kN/m)集中荷载(2个)(kN)924.5422.1
31、15.579.61826.2322.115.579.6表5.6 各层重力荷载代表值层数Gi930.03+23.09+30.03+24.5416.5+5.574+9.616.50.5+22.11=611.65kN6833.552+46.9+26.2316.5+5.572+22.112+37.26+9.616.50.5=718.62kN534.032+47.38+26.2316.5+(5.57+22.11)2+37.26+9.616.50.5=720.06kN2434.512+47.86+26.2316.5+(5.57+22.11)2+37.26+9.616.50.5=721.50kN136.42
32、+49.75+604.615=727.17kNGi=611.65+718.623+720.06+721.503+727.17=6379.24kN 5.2 多遇地震作用标准值和位移验算 由设防烈度为7度,远震;查表可得max=0.08,Tg=0.45,T1=(0.10.15)n=0.91.35s,取T1=1.13s因为TgT11.4Tg=1.40.45=0.63sn=0.08T1+0.01=0.081.13+0.01=0.101FEK=1Geq=10.85Gi=0.0350.856379.24kN=189.78kN顶部附加作用力Fn=n FEK=0.101189.78=19.17kN FEK(1
33、-n)=170.61kN按抗震规范算得作用于各质点上横向水平地震作用标准值如6.1表所示。(其中) 表5.7 FeiK的计算层数9611.6528.217248.53101905.6328.8828.888718.6225.218109.23101905.6330.3259.207718.6222.215953.37101905.6326.7185.916718.6219.213797.51101905.6323.10109.015720.0616.211664.97101905.6319.53128.544721.5013.29523.80101905.6315.95144.493721.5
34、010.27359.30101905.6312.32156.812721.507.25194.80101905.638.70165.511727.174.23054.12101905.635.11170.62表5.8 地震作用下框架侧移计算层数928.8828.88293170.00101/3000830.3259.20293170.00201/1500726.7185.91293170.00291/1035623.10109.01293170.00371/811519.53128.54326970.00391/769415.95144.49326970.00441/682312.32156.
35、81326970.00481/62528.70165.51326970.00511/58815.11170.62153560.01111/3780.0389侧移验算 层间侧移最大值: 1/3781/300,满足要求。柱顶侧移最大值: 0.0389/28.2=1/7301/500 ,满足要求。6 内力计算 为简化计算,考虑如下几种单独受荷情况:(1) 恒载作用(2) 活载满跨布置;(3) 与地震作用相组合的重力荷载代表值作用;(4) 风荷载作用(从左向右,或从右向左);(5) 横向水平地震作用(从左向右,或从右向左)。对于(1)、(2)、(3)三种情况,框架在竖向荷载作用下,采用分层法计算;对于第(4)(5)两种情况,框架在水平荷载作用下,采用D值法计算。6.1恒载标准值作用下内力计算恒载引起的固端弯矩和不平衡弯矩(1) 屋面梁的固端弯矩(2) 标准层楼面的固端弯矩将结构分为五层,见图6.16.5。上层柱的线刚度先乘0.9,后计算刚度分配系数,各杆分配系数写在长方框内;上层各柱远端弯矩等于分配弯矩的,下柱底截面弯矩为柱分配弯矩的,最底行数据是最终分配弯矩。上层柱的分配弯矩要叠加,节点的不平衡弯矩分配如图6.6,框架最终内力图见图6.76.9。 6.2活荷载标准值作用下的内力计算活荷载与恒载的比值小于1,故