1、附件1：电子商务外文资料翻译译文 E-commerce is coming of ageThe 21st century are the information time, the tertiary industry unceasingly rise in the various countries proportion, specially service industry, information service industry becomes for the 21stcentury the leading industries, this has caused the electron
2、ic commerce production and the development in the global information is under the influence which the situation drives, the various countries electronic commerce unceasing improvement and the consummation, the electronic commerce is a focal point which each country and each big company capture.And,
3、along with the whole world electronic commerce swift and violent development, the electronic commerce scale expands day by day, if US in 2000 the electronic commerce amounts to 488.7 billion US dollars, Japanese 31.9 billion US dollars, German 20.6 billion US dollars. Thereupon, the various countrie
4、s unceasingly opens sends out the form to be diverse, the characteristic each different electronic commerce solution. But, because various countries and some international organization to electronic commerce understanding existence difference, thus the formulation and implementation development elec
5、tronic commerce policy also has the obvious difference between the country and the country electronic commerce live agent lacks the effective coordinated mechanism to develop slowly, simultaneously a country interior electronic commerce activity also because of lacks the effective policy safeguard t
6、o receive the restriction. Therefore, the research discussion electronic commerce present situation and the formulation implementation appropriate electronic commerce policy question extremely is urgent.But in our country, the computer and the network technology popularization and the development, t
7、he electronic commerce rapidly rises, the multitudinous information technology enterprise, the venture capital company, the production circulation enterprise develops the electronic commerce in abundance. Looked from national Economical trade committee to more than 630 enterprises investigations tha
8、t, at present enterprise in Internet application and development electronic commerce aspect, eastern area enterprise good to middle area, middle is good to the west; The locus good at is situated at the far away enterprise in the big city enterprise, the new enterprise is good to the old enterprise.
9、 The economic potentiality is strong, the profit space big enterprise, the information construction and the electronic commerce develops quite well if the association group already has at present completed the supply chain link information, foundationally completed the development electronic commerc
10、e completely to work. at the same time, the majority enterprise quite takes to the information construction, generally will favor the electronic commerce the future, the enterprise internal information construction has made the positive progress, was surmounting by the information isolated island to
11、 the information integration; The establishment has also made the certain progress in the network application foundation electronic commerce construction, some enterprises already through network development purchase service and on-line sale.Enters the World Trade Organization along with China, the
12、domestic market is open to the whole world. This meant the Chinese economy development one big surmounts, the electronic commerce also inevitably gradually will develop, impact tradition industry status does not need to question that, the Internet is becoming the new industrial revolution the leadin
13、g strength, electronic business takes up honest work into the new economical growth spot. But, the website grows with does not have between the benefit the contrast, the electronic commerce transaction security technology and the reliability is bad, the transaction both sides deficient prestige and
14、so on already seriously restricted our country electronic commerce development, the electronic commerce development has been facing layer on layer the difficulty in China.But the information technology already became the Chinese enterprise with it correlation electronic commerce to enter the world i
15、n the new century the true opportunity. Market more open, the enterprise will induct the electronic commerce the proportion to continue to increase, China will become the electronic commerce to be quickest in the global development, one of potential biggest areas.This text from of our country e- com
16、merce environment of development, existing problem, how improve development environment and of our country development trend 3 of e-commerce at present, probed into and an aliped the current situation of e-commerce development of our country.WHEN the technology bubble burst in 2000, the crazy valuat
17、ions for online companies vanished with it, and many businesses folded. The survivors plugged on as best they could, encouraged by the growing number of internet users. Now valuations are rising again and some of the dotcoms are making real profits, but the business world has become much more cautio
18、us about the internets potential. The funny thing is that the wild predictions made at the height of the boomnamely, that vast chunks of the world economy would move into cyberspaceare, in one way or another, coming true. The raw numbers tell only part of the story. According to Americas Department
19、of Commerce, online retail sales in the worlds biggest market last year rose by 26%, to $55 billion. That sounds a lot of money, but it amounts to only 1.6% of total retail sales. The vast majority of people still buy most things in the good old “bricks-and-mortar” world. But the commerce department
20、s figures deal with only part of the retail industry. For instance, they exclude online travel services, one of the most successful and fastest-growing sectors of e-commerce. InterActiveCorp (IAC), the owner of and , alone sold $10 billion-worth of travel last yearand it has plenty of competition, n
21、ot least from airlines, hotels and car-rental companies, all of which increasingly sell online. Nor do the figures take in things like financial services, ticket-sales agencies, pornography (a $2 billion business in America last year, according to Adult Video News, a trade magazine), online dating a
22、nd a host of other activities, from tracing ancestors to gambling (worth perhaps $6 billion worldwide). They also leave out purchases in grey markets, such as the online pharmacies that are thought to be responsible for a good proportion of the $700m that Americans spent last year on buying cut-pric
23、e prescription drugs from across the border in Canada. And there is more. The commerce departments figures include the fees earned by internet auction sites, but not the value of goods that are sold: an astonishing $24 billion-worth of trade was done last year on eBay, the biggest online auctioneer.
24、 Nor, by definition, do they include the billions of dollars-worth of goods bought and sold by businesses connecting to each other over the internet. Some of these B2B services are proprietary; for example, Wal-Mart tells its suppliers that they must use its own system if they want to be part of its
25、 annual turnover of $250 billion. So e-commerce is already very big, and it is going to get much bigger. But the actual value of transactions currently concluded online is dwarfed by the extraordinary influence the internet is exerting over purchases carried out in the offline world. That influence
26、is becoming an integral part of e-commerce. To start with, the internet is profoundly changing consumer behaviour. One in five customers walking into a Sears department store in America to buy an electrical appliance will have researched their purchase onlineand most will know down to a dime what th
27、ey intend to pay. More surprisingly, three out of four Americans start shopping for new cars online, even though most end up buying them from traditional dealers. The difference is that these customers come to the showroom armed with information about the car and the best available deals. Sometimes
28、they even have computer print-outs identifying the particular vehicle from the dealers stock that they want to buy. Half of the 60m consumers in Europe who have an internet connection bought products offline after having investigated prices and details online, according to a study by Forrester, a re
29、search consultancy (see chart 1). Different countries have different habits. In Italy and Spain, for instance, people are twice as likely to buy offline as online after researching on the internet. But in Britain and Germany, the two most developed internet markets, the numbers are evenly split. For
30、rester says that people begin to shop online for simple, predictable products, such as DVDs, and then graduate to more complex items. Used-car sales are now one of the biggest online growth areas in America. People seem to enjoy shopping on the internet, if high customer-satisfaction scores are any
31、guide. Websites are doing ever more and cleverer things to serve and entertain their customers, and seem set to take a much bigger share of peoples overall spending in the future.This has enormous implications for business. A company that neglects its website may be committing commercial suicide. A
32、website is increasingly becoming the gateway to a companys brand, products and serviceseven if the firm does not sell online. A useless website suggests a useless company, and a rival is only a mouse-click away. But even the coolest website will be lost in cyberspace if people cannot find it, so com
33、panies have to ensure that they appear high up in internet search results. For many users, a search site is now their point of entry to the internet. The best-known search engine has already entered the lexicon: people say they have “Googled” a company, a product or their plumber. The search busines
34、s has also developed one of the most effective forms of advertising on the internet. And it is already the best way to reach some consumers: teenagers and young men spend more time online than watching television. All this means that search is turning into the internets next big battleground as Goog
35、le defends itself against challenges from Yahoo! and Microsoft. The other way to get noticed online is to offer goods and services through one of the big sites that already get a lot of traffic. Ebay, Yahoo! and Amazon are becoming huge trading platforms for other companies. But to take part, a comp
36、anys products have to stand up to intense price competition. People check online prices, compare them with those in their local high street and may well take a peek at what customers in other countries are paying. Even if websites are prevented from shipping their goods abroad, there are plenty of w
37、eb-based entrepreneurs ready to oblige. What is going on here is arbitrage between different sales channels, says Mohanbir Sawhney, professor of technology at the Kellogg School of Management in Chicago. For instance, someone might use the internet to research digital cameras, but visit a photograph
38、ic shop for a hands-on demonstration. “Ill think about it,” they will tell the sales assistant. Back home, they will use a search engine to find the lowest price and buy online. In this way, consumers are “deconstructing the purchasing process”, says Professor Sawhney. They are unbundling product in
39、formation from the transaction itself.It is not only price transparency that makes internet consumers so powerful; it is also the way the net makes it easy for them to be fickle. If they do not like a website, they swiftly move on. “The web is the most selfish environment in the world,” says Daniel
40、Rosensweig, chief operating officer of Yahoo! “People want to use the internet whenever they want, how they want and for whatever they want.” Yahoo! is not alone in defining its strategy as working out what its customers (260m unique users every month) are looking for, and then trying to give it to
41、them. The first thing they want is to become better informed about products and prices. “We operate our business on that belief,” says Jeff Bezos, Amazons chief executive. Amazon became famous for books, but long ago branched out into selling lots of other things too; among its latest ventures are h
42、ealth products, jewellery and gourmet food. Apart from cheap and bulky items such as garden rakes, Mr Bezos thinks he can sell most things. And so do the millions of people who use eBay. And yet nobody thinks real shops are finished, especially those operating in niche markets. Many bricks-and-morta
43、r bookshops still make a good living, as do flea markets. But many record shops and travel agents could be in for a tougher time. Erik Blachford, the head of IACs travel side and boss of Expedia, the biggest internet travel agent, thinks online travel bookings in America could quickly move from 20%
44、of the market to more than half. Mr Bezos reckons online retailers might capture 10-15% of retail sales over the next decade. That would represent a massive shift in spending. How will traditional shops respond? Michael Dell, the founder of Dell, which leads the personal-computer market by selling d
45、irect to the customer, has long thought many shops will turn into showrooms. There are already signs of change on the high street. The latest Apple and Sony stores are designed to display products, in the full expectation that many people will buy online. To some extent, the online and offline world
46、s may merge. Multi-channel selling could involve a combination of traditional shops, a printed catalogue, a home-shopping channel on TV, a phone-in order service and an e-commerce-enabled website. But often it is likely to be the website where customers will be encouraged to place their orders. One
47、of the biggest commercial advantages of the internet is a lowering of transaction costs, which usually translates directly into lower prices for the consumer. So, if the lowest prices can be found on the internet and people like the service they get, why would they buy anywhere else? One reason may
48、be convenience; another, concern about fraud, which poses the biggest threat to online trade. But as long as the internet continues to deliver price and product information quickly, cheaply and securely, e-commerce will continue to grow. Increasingly, companies will have to assume that customers wil
49、l know exactly where to look for the best buy. This market has the potential to become as perfect as it gets.Certain products or services appear more suitable for online sales; others remain more suitable for offline sales. While credit cards are currently the most popular means of paying for online goods and services, alternative online payments will account for 26% of e-commerce volume by 2009 according to Celent. Many successful purely virtual companies deal with digital product
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