1、DSP的发展、现况及其应用 数字信号处理（Digital Signal Processing，简称DSP）是一门涉及许多学科而又广泛应用于许多领域的新兴学科。DSP有两种含义：digital Signal Processing（数字信号处理）、Digital Signal Processor（数字信号处理器）。我们常说的DSP指的是数字信号处理器。数字信号处理器是一种适合完成数字信号处理运算的处理器。20世纪60年代以来，随着计算机和信息技术的飞速发展，数字信号处理技术应运而生并得到迅速的发展。在过去的二十多年时间里，数字信号处理已经在通信等领域得到极为广泛的应用。数字信号处理是利用计算机或专
2、用处理设备，以数字形式对信号进行采集、变换、滤波、估值、增强、压缩、识别等处理，以得到符合人们需要的信号形式。数字信号处理是以众多学科为理论基础的，它所涉及的范围极其广泛。例如，在数学领域，微积分、概率统计、随机过程、数值分析等都是数字信号处理的基本工具，与网络理论、信号与系统、控制论、通信理论、故障诊断等也密切相关。近来新兴的一些学科，如人工智能、模式识别、神经网络等，都与数字信号处理密不可分。可以说，数字信号处理是把许多经典的理论体系作为自己的理论基础，同时又使自己成为一系列新兴学科的理论基础。DSP主要应用在数字信号处理中，目的是为了能够满足实时信号处理的要求，因此需要将数字信号处理中的
3、常用运算执行的尽可能快，这就决定了DSP的特点和关键技术。适合数字信号处理的关键技术：DSP包含乘法器、累加器、特殊地址发生器、领开销循环等；提高处理速度的关键技术：流水线技术、并行处理技术、超常指令（VLIW）、超标量技术、DMA等。从广义上讲，DSP、微处理器和微控制器（单片机）等都属于处理器，可以说DSP是一种CPU。DSP和一般的CPU又不同，最大的区别在于：CPU是冯.诺伊曼结构的；DSP是数据和地址空间分开的哈佛结构。世界上第一个单片DSP芯片应当是1978年AMI公司发布的S2811，1979年美国Intel公司发布的商用可编程器件2920是DSP芯片的一个主要里程碑。这两种芯片
4、内部都没有现代DSP芯片所必须有的单周期乘法器。1980 年，日本 NEC 公司推出的PD7720是第一个具有乘法器的商用DSP 芯片。在这之后，最成功的DSP 芯片当数美国德州仪器公司（Texas Instruments，简称TI）的一系列产品。TI 公司在1982年成功推出其第一代DSP 芯片 TMS32010及其系列产品TMS32011、TMS320C10/C14/C15/C16/C17等，之后相继推出了第二代DSP芯片TMS32020、TMS320C25/C26/C28，第三代DSP芯片TMS320C30/C31/C32，第四代DSP芯片TMS320C40/C44，第五代 DSP 芯片
5、TMS320C5X/C54X，第二代DSP芯片的改进型TMS320C2XX，集多片DSP芯片于一体的高性能DSP芯片TMS320C8X以及目前速度最快的第六代DSP芯片TMS320C62X/C67X等。TI将常用的DSP芯片归纳为三大系列，即：TMS320C2000系列（包括TMS320C2X/C2XX）、TMS320C5000系列（包括TMS320C5X/C54X）、TMS320C6000系列（TMS320C62X/C67X）。如今，TI公司的一系列DSP产品已经成为当今世界上最有影响的DSP芯片。TI公司也成为世界上最大的DSP芯片供应商，其DSP市场份额占全世界份额近50。目前，DSP处
6、理器仍被TI、AGERE、ADI等公司占领，产品受外国大企业控制。国内发展DSP的厂商并不多，而主要的应用是DVD与无线电话等产品，因此国内DSP的产值并不高。而在产品应用上，目前重要的DSP应用产品，如移动电话、调制解调器等个人计算机与通讯领域应用产品，都是采用国际大厂的DSP 解决方案。DSP技术应用到我们生活的每一个角落，从军用到民用，从航空航天到生产生活，都越来越多地使用DSP。DSP技术在航空航天方面，主要用于雷达和声纳信号处理；在通信方面，主要用于移动电话、IP电话(voice over IP)、ADSL和HFC的信号传输；在控制方面，主要用于电机控制、光驱和硬盘驱动器；在测试/测
7、量方面，主要用于虚拟仪器、自动测试系统、医疗诊断等；在电子娱乐方面，主要用于高清晰度电视(HDTV)、机顶盒(STB)、AC-3、家庭影院、DVD等应用；还有数字相机、网络相机等等都应用了DSP技术。同时，SOC芯片系统、无线应用、嵌入式DSP都是未来DSP的发展方向和趋势。可以说，没有DSP就没有对互联网的访问，也不会有多媒体，也没有无线通信。因此，DSP仍将是整个半导体工业的技术驱动力。现在，DSP应用领域不断拓宽，其函盖面包括宽带Internet接入业务、下一代无线通信系统的发展、数字消费电子市场、汽车电子市场的发展等诸多多方面。现代数字信号处理器是执行高速数字信号处理的IC电路、它恰好
8、适应多媒体信息化社会需求，迅速发展壮大。如今，世界电子器件市上，各种各样的DSP器件已相当丰富。大大小小封装形式的DSP器件，已广泛应用于各种产品的生产领域，而且DSP的用领域仍在不断地扩大，发展速度异常。主要应用有数字化移动电话、数据调制解调器、磁盘光盘控制器需求、图形图像处理需求、汽车电子系统等。应用DSP的领域可以说是不胜枚举，电视会议系统里，也大量应用DSP器件。视听机器里也都应用DSP。随着科学技术的发展，将会出现许许多多的DSP新应用领域。DSP的开发工具包括各种仿真软件、调试软件、硬件仿真器、评估板、初学者实验套件、教学套件等。国外有一些DSP的咨询公司及网站，他们起到DSP用户
9、和DSP芯片供应商、DSP第三方之间的桥梁作用，也会为客户提供设计、提供软件和硬件及出版资料图书，有些还办培训班。国内也有不少DSP论坛，以便用户之间进行DSP技术的交流。中国DSP市场增长迅速，在DSP应用方面中国一直保持着与国际上DSP技术同步的态势，从DSP芯片面世开始，中国就有单位应用、销售DSP芯片。随着中国社会数字化、信息化的进展和中国经济的持续稳定增长，刺激了电子信息产业和市场的快速发展，推动了DSP的广泛应用。DSP Development, the Status and Its ApplicationDigital signal processing (DSP) is inv
10、olves many disciplines and widely applies in the many domain emerging disciplines. DSP has two kinds of meanings: digital Signal Processing, Digital Signal Processor. We often say that what DSP refers to the digital signal processor. The Digital Signal Processors are suitable for to complete digital
11、 signal processing operation of the processor. Since the 1960s, with the computer and the information technologys swift development, the digital signal processing technologies has arisen at the historic moment and obtains the rapid development. In the past more than 20 years, the digital signal proc
12、essing has widely applied in the field of communication and others.The digital signal processing uses the computer or the special-purpose handling equipment, carries compressing and so on gathering, transformation, filter, estimating, value, enhancement, compression, recognition by the digital form
13、,to obtain the signal form which the people need.The digital signal processing takes the numerous disciplines as the rationales, whose scope is extremely applied. For example, in mathematics domain, the calculus, the probability statistics, the stochastic process, the numerical analysis and so on. T
14、hey are the digital signal processing basic tool and they are relating to, the signal and the system, the cybernetics, the correspondence theory, the failure diagnosis and so on. Recently the emerging some disciplines, like the artificial intelligence, the pattern recognition, the neural networks an
15、d so on, are inseparable with the digital signal processing. It can be said that digital signal processing takes many classics system infos own rationale, simultaneously causes itself to become a services if emerging disciplines the rationale. The DSP is mainly applied in the digital signal processi
16、ng, the summing to can satisfy the real-time signal processing, therefore it needs tube digital signal processing operation executing quickly, therefore these have decided the DSP characteristic and the key technologies. The digital signal processings the key technologies: DSP contains multiplier, a
17、ccumulator, special assures producer, the collar expenses circulation and so on; rises the processing speed the key technologies: assembly line technology, parallel processing technology, very long instruction word, exceeding the allowed figure quantity technology, DMA etc. Broadly speaking, DSP, mi
18、croprocessor and microcontroller (MCU) belong to the processor, can be said that DSP is a kind of CPU. DSP and general CPU are also different, the biggest difference lies in: CPU is Von Norma structure; while DSP its the data and the address space separated Harvard structure. The commercial programm
19、able component which in the world is the first monolithic DSP chip must be the S2811 issued by AMI Corporation, 1979 which year US Intel Corporation issued 2920 is a DSP chip main milestone. These two kinds of chip interior does not have the monocycle multiplier which the modern DSP chip must have.
20、In 1980, Japans NEC Corp. launched PD7720 is the first of a multiplier of commercial DSP chips.After this, the most successful DSP chip works as the number US Texas Instruments Company (TI)a series of products. TI corporation succeeded in 1982 promotes its first generation of DSP chip TMS3210 and se
21、rial products TMS32011,TMS320C10/C14/C15/C16?17 and so on, afterward has promoted second generation of DSP one adder another chip TMS32020,TMS320C25/C26/C28,THIRD GENERATION DSP CHIP TMD320C30/C31/C32,fourth generation of DSP chip TMS320C40/C44,fifth generation of DSP chip TMS320C5X/C54X,second gene
22、ration of DSP chip advanced version TMS 320C2XX,collection piece of DSP chips in bodys high performance DP chip TMD320C8X as well as present speed quickest sixth generation of DSP chip TMS320C62X/C67X and so on. TI the commonly used DSP chip induction will be three big series, namely: MS320C2000 ser
23、ies (including TMS320C2X/2XX), TMS320C5000 series (including TMS320C5X/C54X), TMS320C6000 series (TMS320C62X/C67X). Now, TI Corporations a series of DSP chip product already became none in the world the most influence DSP chip. TI Corporation also becomes the biggest DSP chip supplier and its DSP ma
24、rket chare occupies the world share nearly 50%.At present, the DSP processor by TI,AGERE, ADI and so on was still seized, the product is controlled the foreign big enterprise. At home the DSP manufactures are not many, but the main application product is DVD and the radio telephone and so on. Theref
25、ore the domestic DSP output value is not high. But in the product application, the important DSP application product, like the mobile phone, the modem, personal computer and the communication domain application products all use the international big plant DSP solution.The DSP technology applies corn
26、er of our life, from military to civil, the aerospace to the production life.In the aerospace aspect, the DSP technology mainly used in the radar and sonar signal disposals. In the correspondence aspect, mainly used in the mobile phone, Voice Over IP, ADSL and HFC signaling; In the control aspect, m
27、ainly used in the motor control, the light driving with the hard disk driver; In the test/survey aspect, mainly uses in the hypothesized instrument tm the automated test system, the medical diagnosis and so on; In the electronic entertainment aspect, mainly used in applications high-definition telev
28、ision (HDTV), set-top boxes (STB), AC - 3, family theater, DVD ;Also the digital camera ,the network camera and so on to apply the DSP technology. At the same time, the SOC chip system, will apply, embedded DSP is wireless the future DSP development direction and the tendency, It can be said if thes
29、e the DSP there will be few people to browse internet multimedia, also will not have the wireless communication. Therefore, the DSP will still be the entire semiconductor industry technical driving influence. Now, the DSP applications application domain expands unceasingly, its letter screen includi
30、ng wide band internet turning on service, next generation wireless communication systems development, digital expense electron market, automobile electron market development and so on many various. The modern digital signal processor is caries out the high speed figure signal processing IC electric
31、circuit, it to adapt the multimedia informanization society demand exactly, grows strong rapidly. Now, world applied in each product realm of production, moreover DSP unceasingly was still expanding with the domain, the development speed is unusual.The main applications of it is the digitization mob
32、ile phone, the data modem, the disk / CD-ROM controller demand, the graph imagery processing demand, the automobile electron system and so on.The using of the DSP domain is too numerous to cite individually. In the TV conference system, use applies the DSP component massively. In the seeing and hear
33、ing machine also applies the DSP. Along with science and technology development, it will present many the DSP new application domains.The DSP development kit includes each kind of simulation software, the hardware simulator, the appraisal board, the beginner to test the suite, the teaching suite and
34、 so on. Overseas has some DSP Consultant firm and the website, they have the DSP user and the DSP chip supplier, between the DSP third party bridge role, also will provide the design for the customer, to provide the software and the hardware and the publication material books, some will also have th
35、e training class. At home there are many DSP forums, so that the user can carry on the DSP technology to the exchange information.With the rapid growth of Chinas DSP market, the DSP application in China has been maintaining the same technology synchronization situation internationally. Along with the Chinese society digitization, the informationization progress continued with the Chinese economy to grown stably has stimulated the fast development of market and the electronic information industry and promoted the DSP widespread application. .此处忽略！
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