英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备).doc

1、一中古英语时期w Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language.w The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly adve

2、ntures or other heroic deeds. w GeoffreyChaucer, oneof the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（坎特伯雷故事集）, was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. w Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English r

3、ealism.二文艺复兴Renaissancew Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world.w It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑） and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. w Humanism is

4、the essence of Renaissance -Man is the measure of all things. w This was Englands Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth reigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Chri

5、stopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare.w The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was Christopher Marlowe.w Francis Bacon was the best known essayist of this period. “Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacons 58 essays. w Thomas More Utopiaw Edmund SpenserThe Faerie Queene 相关练习w 1. Which is th

6、e oldest poem in the English language?w A. Utopia B. Faerie Queenew C. Beowulf D. Hamletw 2. _ is the father of English poetry. w A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare w C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucerw 3. _ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England.w A. William Shakespear

7、e B. Geoffrey Chaucerw C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson三莎士比亚William Shakespearew “All the world s a stage, and all the men and women merely players.”William Shakespearew William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English lan

8、guage. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have meaning beyond the time and place of his plays. His four tragedies are Hamlet(哈姆雷特), Othello(奥赛罗), King Lear(李尔王) and Macbeth(麦克白).w Shakespeares sonnets, 154 in number, are the only direct express

9、ion of the poets own feelings; Sonnet 18 deserves its fame because it is one of the most beautifully written verses in the English languagew 诗选w Sonnet 18w Shall I compare thee to a Summers day?w Thou art more lovely and more temperate.w Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,w And Summers lea

10、se hath all too short a date.w （我怎能将你与夏日相比? /你比它更温和可爱： /动人的花蕾在五月咆哮的风中颤抖， /夏日的美好时光也绝不长久： ）w Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,w And often is his gold complexion dimmd;w And every fair from fair sometime declines,w By chance, or natures changing course, untrimmd;w （太阳的金色光芒虽然耀眼， /却常常以灰暗的面貌出现；/再

11、美貌的物什都逃不过凋谢，/命运流转或无意间将其拆解；） w But thy eternal Summer shall not fade,w Nor lose possession of that fair thou owstw Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade,w When in eternal line to time thou growst. w So long as men can breath or eyes can see,w So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

12、 w （可你如夏日般不会褪色, /你的美貌也将永存; /死神无法夸耀你曾在它的阴影中游荡, /伴随永恒的诗篇你将留存。/只要人类生生不息 我的诗句能被见证, /你就会在传承中得到永生！）w 相关练习w 1. Shakespeares greatest tragedies are the following works except _.w A. Hamlet B. King Lear C. Romeo and Juliet D. Othello w 2. The Essence of Renaissance, the most significant intellectual movement

13、, was_.w A. Geographical exploration B. Religious reformationw C. Publishing and translation D. Humanism.w 3. In “Sonnet 18”, Shakespeare_.w A. Meditate on the destructive power of time and eternal beauty by poetry.w B. Satirize(讽刺) humans vanity.w C. Predict(预测) the eternity of love.w D. Eulogize(颂

14、扬) the power of the beauty.w 4. Which of the following statement best illustrates the theme of Shakespeares Sonnet 18?w A. The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.w B. The speaker satirizes human vanity.w C. The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.w D. The speaker meditates on mans salv

15、ation. w 5. The Renaissance refers to between 14th-mid-17th century, which was under the reign of Queen _and absolute monarchy in England reached its summit, and in which the real mainstream (真正的文学主流) was _.w A. Victoria/poetry w B. Elizabeth/ dramaw C. Mary/ novelw D. James/ dramaw 6. _, the first

16、of the great tragedies, is generally regarded as Shakespeares most popular play on the stage, for it has the qualities of a “blood-and-thunder” thriller and a philosophical exploration of life and death.w A. The Merchant of Venice B. Hamletw C. King Lear D. The Winters Tale 四18世纪英国文学w The 18th-centu

17、ry England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. w 17th century writer John Milton ranks as one of the greatest poets in the history of English literature. His masterpiece Paradise Lost (失乐园)was published in 1667. Later another epic poem Paradise Regained(复乐园), sequel to Paradis

18、e Lost, was published with the poetic drama Samson Agonistes(力士参孙).w The mid-18th century was, however, predominated by a newly rising literary form, the modern English novel, which, contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats, gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English peop

19、le. w Daniel Defoe is considered to be the father of the English novel. His masterpiece is Robinson Crusoe. It is considered to be the first English novelw Jonathan Swift is generally considered the greatest prose satirist(讽刺散文家) in English literature. His language is simple, clear and vigorous. He

20、once asserted: “ Proper words in proper place, makes the true definition of a style.” 他曾把文字风格定义成“恰到好处的词语用在恰到好处的地方”w There are no ornaments in his writings. In simple, direct and precise prose, Swift is almost unsurpassed in English literature. w Gullivers Travels, Jonathan Swifts best fictional work

21、, contains four parts, each about one particular voyage during which Gulliver has extraordinary adventures on some remote island after he has met with shipwreck or piracy or some other misfortune. w 相关练习w 1. In which of the following works can you find the proper names Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Houyhnh

22、nm and Yahoo”?A. The Pilgrims Progress B. The Farrie QueeneC. Gullivers Travels D. The School of Scandal2. _is a typical feature of Swifts writings.A. Elegant style B. Causal narrationC. Bitter satire D. Complicated sentence structure 3. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gullivers Travels

23、 are_.A. horses that are endowed with reason.B. pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC. giants that are superior in wisdom.D. Hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways.五浪漫主义诗歌w （一）先驱：Robert Burns 罗伯特彭斯 ，William

24、 Blake 威廉布莱克 w Robert Burns is a national poet of Scotland, a poet of peasants, his poems are written in Scottish dialect. A Red, Red Rose(红红的玫瑰) and Auld lang Syne are his most popular poems.w To see a world in a grain of sand, /And a heaven in a wild flower, /Hold infinity in the palm of your hand

25、, /And eternity in an hour. William Blake一花一世界，一沙一天国， 君掌盛无边， 刹那含永劫。ww （二）代表诗人：w 1. Escapist romanticists / Lake Poets(湖畔派诗人) (William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey)w 2. active romanticists /demonic group/Satanic school (撒旦派) (George Gordon Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keat

26、s)w English Romanticism is generally said to have began in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth & Coleridges Lyrical Ballads and to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scotts death. w William Wordsworth started with Samuel Taylor Coleridge the English Romantic movement with their collection Lyrica

27、l Ballads in 1798. Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集followed by “The Preface to the Lyrical Ballads”served as the manifesto（宣言） of the English Romantic Movement in poetry.w “All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings that takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.” William W

28、ordsworth（诗是强烈情感的自然流露；诗源于在平静中积累的情感。）w 相关练习w 1. The Romantic Movement expressed a more or less_ attitude toward the existing social and political conditions.w A. positiveB. negativeC. neutralD. indifferentw 2. For the Romantics, _is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the d

29、ominant subject matter.w A.loveB.manC.natureD.deathw 3. In the Romantic period, _is the most prosperous literary form.w A.proseB.poetryC.fictionD.playw 4. Romanticism is a period of British literature roughly dated from_.w A.1660-1798B.1798-1832w C.1483-1546D.1836-1901w 5. The two major novelists of

30、 the English Romantic Period are _and Walter Scott.w A. Washington Irving B. Jane Austenw C. Herman Melville D. Charles Dickens w 6.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT _.w A. the use of everyday language spoken by the common peoplew B. the expression of the sponta

31、neous overflow of powerful feelingsw C. the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterw D. the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speechw 7. The publication of “_” marked the beginning of Romantic Age. w A. Don Juan B. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner w C. The Lyrical Ballads D. Quee

32、n Mab w 8. The major representatives of the poetic revolution in English Romantic period were Samuel Taylor Coleridge and_.w A. William Blake B. William Wordsworthw C. John Keats D. Percy Bysshe Shelleywww 诗选w I Wandered Lonely as a CloudWilliam Wordsworthw I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats o

33、n high oer vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. w Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten tho

34、usand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. w The waves beside them danced, but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company: I gazed-and gazed-but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought: w For oft, when on my cou

35、ch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils. w 我好似一朵孤独的流云，w 高高地飘游在山谷之上，w 突然我看到一大片鲜花，w 是金色的水仙遍地开放。w 它们开在湖畔，开在树下w 它们随风嬉舞，随风飘荡ww 它们密集如银河的星星，w 像群星在闪烁一片晶莹；w 它们沿着海湾向前伸展，w 通往远方仿佛无

36、穷无尽；w 一眼看去就有千朵万朵，w 万花摇首舞得多么高兴。 w 粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳， w 却不如这水仙舞得轻俏； w 诗人遇见这快乐的旅伴w 又怎能不感到欢欣雀跃；w 我久久凝视-却未领悟 w 这景象所给予我的精神至宝。 w 后来多少次我郁郁独卧， w 感到百无聊赖心灵空漠； w 这景象便在脑海中闪现， w 多少次安慰过我的寂寞w 我的心又随水仙跳起舞来， w 我的心又重新充满了欢乐ww George Gordon Byron w As a leading Romanticist, Byrons chief contribution is his creation of the “Byro

37、nic hero”, a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. Such a hero appears first in Childe Harolds Pilgrimage, and then further developed in later works such as the Oriented Tales, Manfred, and Don Juan in different guises. Don Juan(唐璜)is Byrons masterpiece, an epic satire. w 诗选w She alks in e

38、auty George Gordon Byron w She walks in beauty like the nightw Of cloudless climes and starry skiesw And all thats best of dark and brightw Meets in her aspect and her eyes;w Thus mellowd to that tender lightw Which Heaven to gaudy day denies.ww One shade the more one ray the lessw Had half impaird

39、the nameless gracew Which waves in every raven tressw Or softly lightens oer her facew Where thoughts serenely sweet expressw How pure how dear their dwelling-place.ww And on that cheek and oer that broww So soft so calm yet eloquentw The smiles that win the tints that gloww But tell of days in good

40、ness spent，w A mind at peace with all beloww A heart whose love is innocent.w 她走在美的光彩中 ，像夜晚w 皎洁无云而且繁星满天；w 明与暗的最美妙的色泽w 在她的仪容和秋波里呈现；w 耀目的白天且嫌光力强w 它比那光亮柔和而幽暗。ww 增加或减少一分明与暗w 就会损害这难言的美 w 美波动在她乌黑的发上，w 或者散步淡淡的光辉；w 在那脸庞，恬静的思绪w 指明它的来处纯洁而珍贵。ww 呵，那额际，哪先验的面颊，w 如此温和，平静，w 而又脉脉含情，w 那迷人的微笑，那容颜的光彩，w 都在说明一善良的生命；w 她的头

41、脑安于世间的一切，w 她的心充溢这真纯的爱情！ww John Keats(墓志铭：Here lies one whose name was writ in water.)w Keatss poetry describes the beauty of the natural world and art as the vehicle for his poetic imagination. w his four great odes: “Ode on Melancholy,” 忧郁颂， “Ode on a Grecian Urn,” 希腊古瓮颂， “Ode to a Nightingale,” 夜莺

42、颂，“Ode to Psyche;” 心灵颂w “Beauty is truth, truth beauty that is all” is quoted from his Ode on an Grecian Urn. ww Percy Bysshe Shelley w Shelleys Ode To The West Wind (西风颂1819), To a skylark(1820), The Cloud are regarded as three of the most beautiful nature poems in English language. “If Winter come

43、s, can Spring be far behind?” is a famous sentence from his Ode To The West Wind. 六奥斯丁Jane Austen w Austens main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships. She is particularly preoccupied with the relationship between men & women in love. Stories of love & marriage provi

44、de the major themes in all her novels.w 代表作品：Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感；Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见；Emma (1816)爱玛w Pride and Prejudicehas been the most widely read among them. This novel is Jane Austens masterpiece. The main subject in the novel is stated in the first sentence of the novel: “It is a

45、truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.“(大凡有钱的单身汉总要娶位太太，这是一条举世公认的真理。) w 选段翻译w It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.w However little known the feelings

46、or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.w “What is his name?”w “Bingley.”w “Is he married or single?”w “Oh! single,

47、 my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!”w “How so? how can it affect them?”w “My dear Mr. Bennet, replied his wife, how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them.”七The Victorian Period维多利亚时代