1、初中英语语法初中英语语法数词数词概念概念 数词就是表示事物的数量和顺序的词,分基数词和序数词两种。表示数目或数量多少的词叫基数词,如:one,ten,fifteen 等;表示数目顺序的词叫序数词,如:fifth,second,twelfth等。一.基数词的构成 1)112,独立成词。独立成词。one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve 2)13-19,由由39+teen构成。构成。14fourteen 16-sixteen 17-seventeen 19nineteen 特殊拼写特殊拼写:13 thirteen
2、15-fifteen 18eighteen 3)2090,以以-ty结尾。结尾。20twenty 30thirty 40forty 50fifty 80eighty 60sixty 70seventy 90ninety 4)2199,两位数,十位与个位之间有两位数,十位与个位之间有“”。21 twenty-one 55 fifty-five 99 ninety-nine 5)101999,三位数,百位与十位,三位数,百位与十位/个位之间加个位之间加 and。101 one hundred and one 840 eight hundred and forty 693 six hundred a
3、nd ninety-three 29,43150076,thousandhundredmillionbillionand6)1,000以上数目以上数目,从右向左每三位用从右向左每三位用“,”分开分开,分别读为分别读为thousand,million,billion,注意:注意:这几个词不能用复数形式,后也不这几个词不能用复数形式,后也不能加能加andand。7)表示具体、准确的数目时,hundred,thousand,million等数词后不能加-s,如five hundred,six thousand,seven million8)当hundred,thousand等数词与of连用,表示不具
4、体、不准确的数目时,词尾须加-s。如:thousands of students,millions of trees.二、基数词的用法二、基数词的用法1、表示表示具体具体数目数目,hundred,thousand,million不用复数不用复数 表示表示不确定不确定数目数目,用用复数。复数。即即hundreds of(数百数百),thousands of(数千数千),millions of(数百万数百万)+名词复数名词复数,可以用可以用many/several修饰,但不能与具体数目连用。修饰,但不能与具体数目连用。1)Our country has a population of 1,300
5、million people.2)There are three thousand students in our school.3)After the war,thousands of people became homeless.4)Several/Many thousands of trees must be planted every year.2、“几十几十”的复数形式可以表示:的复数形式可以表示:几十多岁几十多岁-in+ones+数词复数数词复数 年年 代代 -in+the+数词复数数词复数 1)He died in his forties四十多岁四十多岁 2)In the nin
6、eties,most people go to work by bike.90年代年代3、“基数词基数词+名词名词”的的合成形容词合成形容词作定语,作定语,中间有连字符中间有连字符“”,当中的名词用当中的名词用单数单数。a 3 year old girl a seven-day holiday 4、表计量、表计量-“基数词基数词+度量单位度量单位+形容词形容词”The classroom is 7 meters long,6 meters wide and 3 meters high.5、表示时刻、表示时刻(介词用介词用at)1)顺读法顺读法-先时后分先时后分,“几点几分几点几分”9:30 n
7、ine thirty 6:21 six twenty-one 3)15分钟:分钟:a quarter 30分钟:分钟:a half 9:15 a quarter past nine 12:30 half past twelve2)逆读法逆读法-先分后时先分后时 表示表示“几点几点过过几分几分”,半小时以内,介词用,半小时以内,介词用past 分钟数分钟数+past+钟点数钟点数 10:10 ten past ten 8:20 twenty past eight表示表示“几点几点差差几分几分”,半小时以上,介词用,半小时以上,介词用to 60减原分钟减原分钟+to+(下一个下一个)钟点数钟点数
8、9:50 ten to ten 7:40 twenty to eight三、序数词的构成三、序数词的构成1)13,first,second,third。2)419,相应基数词+th,特殊拼写:fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。3)2090,y变成ie+th,如twentieth。4)2199,只把个位的基数词变成序数词 如twenty-first。5)序数词缩写数字最后两字母 如1st,2nd,3rd,4th基变序基变序,有规律有规律,一、二、三,特殊记,面目全非要注意,一、二、三,特殊记,面目全非要注意,加加th从从4起,起,八少八少“t”,九去,九去“e”,“ve”要用
9、要用“f”替,替,(five,twelve)见见“y”变成变成“i”和和“e”,词尾加上,词尾加上“th”,(twenty,thirty,ninety)若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。序数词缩写记清楚序数词缩写记清楚,数字后跟两字母。数字后跟两字母。(序数词构成规律)(1)序数词作定语,前面要加序数词作定语,前面要加the;The first truck is carrying a food basket John lives on the fifteenth floor She is my first English teacher.(2)有时加有时加a/an
10、,“再一再一”,“又一又一”的意思的意思Well have to do it a second time Shall I ask him a third time?When I sat down,a fourth man rose to speakThey had a second child in 1988四、序数词的用法四、序数词的用法五、数词的用法五、数词的用法 1、编号表示法、编号表示法编号在前,名词在后,用序数词,前面有the编号在后,名词在前,用基数词,注意首字母大写房间号码和电话号码要一个一个分别读The First Lesson(在句子中不大写)(在句子中不大写)Lesson
11、One the thirty-second pagePage 32/Page Thirty-twoRoom 305Bus No.12第一课第一课第第32页页第第305房间房间第第12路公共汽车路公共汽车1/4 one-fourth a(one)quarter3/4 three-fourths three quarters 2/3 two-thirds 1/2 a(one)half 半年 half a year 半小时 half an hour一年半 one and a half years one year and a half分数修饰名词时,后用of短语。如:1/3 one third of
12、 teachers 3/7 three sevenths of the boys2.分数表示法分数表示法分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于1时,分母加-s。1999 nineteen ninety-nine2008 two thousand and eight1949年10月1日 读作:October(the)first,nineteen forty-nine(月-日,年)the first of October,nineteen forty-nine(日-月,年)写作:October 1st,1999(日用缩写,月-日-年)October 1,1999 (日用数字)1st October,
13、1999日-月,年3.年份、日期、时刻表达法年份、日期、时刻表达法年用基数词表示,两位一读,介词用in日用序数词表示,介词用on 表示“在世纪”,用序数词。在20世纪 写作:in 20th century 读作:in the twentieth century “时刻”用基数词表达,同时要注意以下两点。1.表示“整点”时,在基数词后加oclock;9:00 oclock.2.分钟小于或等于30分钟的,用“分钟数past钟点数”形式;分钟数大于30分钟的,用“到下一个钟点所差的分钟数to下一个钟点数”形式,也可以依次读钟点数和分钟数。7:20 twenty past seven或seven tw
14、enty.3.注意两个特殊的表示时间的单位词:30分钟用half,15分钟用a quarter,如:6:30 读作:half past six 5:45 读作:a quarter to six 6:15 读作:a quarter past six4.“基数词名词形容词”结构“基数词名词形容词”只能用来放到名词前作定语。如:She is a 3-year-old girl.They live in a 7-storey-high building.注:这种结构中名词不能用复数,同时只能作定语。用作表语时,不用连字符,名词有复数。如:Tony is 10 years old this year.T
15、ony is a 10-year-old boy.1440501505177090119188021601161/21/31/424/25 3/43three fourths/three quartersone third/a thirdtwenty-four twenty-fifthsthree and six sevenths one quarter/a quarter/one fourtha halfCan you read a fraction?1.Dick,it is the _ time in _ days that youve made the same mistake.A.tw
16、o,three B.second,three C.two,third D.second,third (2007乌鲁木齐)B2.It is said that the gravity(引力)on Mars is only about _ of the gravity on earth.A.threeeighths B.thirdeighthC.threeeights D.thirdeightAHow many people will come to Beijing next year?Its hard to say,_ people,I think.A.million of B.millions ofC.three millions D.three millions ofB