我国开式股票投资基金的绩效评价研究2.doc
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1、6摘要自2001年第一只开放式证券投资基金“华安创新”基金成立以来,我国开 放式基金业迅速崛起。牛市的巨大财富效应激发了投资者对基金的投资热情,也 带来了基金资产规模的迅速膨胀,开放式证券投资基金也逐渐成为了我国个人投 资者主要选择的金融投资产品。证券投资基金主要是指通过发售基金份额,将众多投资者的资金集中起来, 形成独立资产,由基金托管人保管资金,基金管理人负责日常投资操作,以投资 組合的方式进行证券投资的种利益共享、风险共担的投资方式。本文将展开研究的是在我国证券投资基金行业中占有很重要地位的开放式 股票投资基金。目前,无论从基金成立的绝对数量上来看,还是从整体投资规模 上来比较,开放式股
2、票投资基金在我国资本市场上都占有很大的比重。其稳步发 展对于推动我国资本市场进程以及拓宽直接融资渠道方面发挥着不可替代的作 用。国内基金行业的发展对我国宏观经济、金融市场、投资方式及储蓄向投资的 转化都具有重大的影响。近些年来,随着证券投资基金规模的不断扩大,基金在 投资风格、操作策略、运营绩效等诸多方面逐渐显示出了较大的差异性。目前国 内关于开放式基金绩效评价方面的研究相对比较滞后,对证券投资基金的论述主 要集中于基金的起源和历史,以及证券投资基金投资组合的一般性理论及运作概 况的介绍方面。而证券投资基金的绩效是其发展的生命力,基于绩效基础上的发 展策略及发展方向,才是符合客观条件且适合我国
3、市场实际情況的基金发展之 路。如何评价这些基金的绩效,如何深刻了解这些绩效背后的原因对我国基金业 和金融市场效率问题都具有非常重要的意义。基于这样的考虑,以我国的开放式股票投资基金为研究対象,用实证研究的 方法,选取了从2008年到2009年期间的资本市场上的54只开放式股票投资基 金作为研究样本,并对其数据进行多因素回归分析,从而考察各个因素之间的相 关关系以及各个因素对基金绩效变动的影响程度。对于证券投资基金的绩效评估的相关研究一直是现代金融理论中的个重 要研究方向,从三大基金绩效评价模型(特雷诺指数、夏普指数、詹森指数)到 以此基础上发展而来的对基金管理人经营能力度量的模型,如T-M H
4、M和C-L 等。这些模型都从风险资产定价的角度是对基金绩效以及基金管理人的经营能力 (如恰当选择股票的能力和选择时机调整投资组合的能力)进行了评价。通过定性分析,影响开放式股票投资基金绩效的因素大致可分为两个方面: 一方面来源于基金内部因素的影响,这其中包括基金的规模、基金的费率和基金 管理人的经营能力等因素。基金管理人的经营能力应该来说是影响基金绩效的首 要因素,除此之外影响绩效因素的来源还与基金公司的组织结构、研究能力、基 金规模等有关。另一方面,基金的业绩也会受到外部因素的影响。同样有能力的 基金管理人,同样受到比较好的激励机制愿意努力工作的人,但如果外部环境不 同,其绩效也会有所差別,
5、如股市行情、宏观经济政策等其他因素。所以笔者从 内、外因素的影响方面系統的分析了国内宏观经济影响、货币政策的影响、公司 经营状況、财务状況、基金管理人的选股能力、选时能力、基金平均持股市盈率、 基金的投资风格、基金交易費用、基金资产的规模等因素对开放式股票投资基金 绩效的影响。最后选定了基金管理人的选股能力、选择时机的能力、基金平均持 股市盈率、基金的名义投资风格、基金的实际投资风格、基金资产规模和上一年 的收益率增减情況这几个因子作为影响因素一并进行多元回归分析来考察影响 基金绩效的问题,以期找出对基金绩效增长贡献程度显著的指标。通过对国内开 放式股票投资基金的绩效影响因素进行研究,以获得对
6、我国证券投资基金的绩效 问题有个较为深刻的认识。由于多元分析的复杂性和局限性,所以借鉴了国内外关于基金绩效评价的研 究的部分成果,利用目前国内外对基金管理人选股能力、选时能力评价比较通用 的T-M模型,并加入笔者对各个影响因素数据的提炼和筛选,建立相应的多元回 归分析模型。采用后项回归的方式对因变量影响程度不显著的因素指标进行逐项 剔除,从而得出最終的评价模型。从最终的模型输出結果来看,在2008年的整个资本市场不景气的环境当中, 基金管理人的选股、选时能力的强弱并不能对基金业绩的增长有较大改善。同时, 模型的输出結果也表明持有成长性较高的股票在实际操作过程中会获得相对较 高的收益率。而在20
7、09年中,整个宏观经济企稳回升,市场也开始呈现平稳增 长的态勢,此时输出結果表明基金管理人的选股、选时能力的对基金业绩的增长 有较大贡献。在多次回归模型的输出结果中,名义投资风格的成长性指标均与实 际投资风格中的成长性指标对于基金绩效的影响表现出相反的结论,并表现为基 金的实际投资风格对于业绩增长影响程度更大。也说明基金管理人在日常投资操 作过程中,会根据市场的实际情况对投资风格进行调整从而实现最大的收益水 平。使用相同的分析模型在2008、2009两个完整年度得出的结论却不太一致。 究其原因,主要是由于我国的基金行业的绩效评价问题有自己的特殊性,完全利 用国外的绩效评价模型和手段并不能很好的
8、解释各个变量对绩效的影响。这其中一方面是由于国内外市场环境的差异以及市场操作规则的区別造成的,另方面 可能是由于模型的完善程度和合理性等因素导致的。由于我国的资本市场发展较西方发达国家还属于初级阶段,所以需要加强我 国基金绩效评价的客观性,并逐步完善基金公司的内部控制制度以及我国基金行 业的相关法律法規。关键词:基金绩效;开放式股票投资基金;影响因素Ab s tra c tSince the first open-end securities investment fund ”Huaan” was established in 2001, the Chinese investment fund
9、 industry rises rapidly. The great wealth effect of bull market stimulated the enthusiasm of investors in fund investment and brought about the rapid expansion of fund assets. The open-end securities investment funds have gradually become the main investment products of individual investors in China
10、.Securities Investment Fund mainly refers to the fund by selling shares to investors who sharing the benefits and risks of the fund investment. The forming independent property is in the custody of the fund trustees, and the fund managers are responsible for the daily operations and investment portf
11、olio of funds .The empirical research on the open-end equity investment funds which plays an important role in securities investment fund industry. Currently, whether the number of the fund or market share, open-end equity investment funds are in the important status. The steady development of the f
12、und industry promotes Chines e capital market and broaden direct financing channels which play an irreplaceable role.The development of funds industry has a significant impact on Chinese macroeconomic, financial markets, investments and savings transferring into the investment. The current performan
13、ce evaluation study of open-end equity funds is relatively backward and mainly focus ed on the funds his tory, portfolio theory and general overview of the operation. The securities investment fund performance is the vitality of itsdevelopment. Performance-baseddevelopment strategy and orientation i
14、s consistent with our actual situation. In recent years, as the continuous expansion or the securities investment fund scale, the investment style, operation strategies and many other aspects of performance gradually differ in each fund. How to evaluate the performance of these funds and how to unde
15、rstand the profound reasons behind the performance of Chines e fund indus try and financial market efficiency is s ues are of great significance.On this basis, this paper empirically study on Chinese open-end equity fund. The research used the data on 54 domestic open-end equity funds from the year
16、2008 to 2009 as samples and setup a multiple regression model to examine the correlation between each factor on the impact of the fund performance.The research on the performance evaluation of securities investment funds has been the important research direction in modern financial theory. From the
17、three major fund performance evaluation models (Treynor index, Sharpe index, Jensen index) to the ability of the fund managers measure business models, such as TM, HM, and CL etc. These models are evaluating the fund operating performance and the ability of fund managers (s uch as the proper selecti
18、vity ability and timing ability) which derived from pricing model of risk assets.Through qualitative analysis, the factors affect the performance of open-end equity investment fund can be broadly divided into two aspects, on the one hand from the funds internal factors, which includes fund size, cha
19、rge rates and the management factor. The operations of fund manager should be the primary factor affecting the Funds performance which also involves the companys organizational structure, research capacity, fund size and so on. On the other hand, the Funds performance will be affected by external fa
20、ctors. The similar ability of fund managers, also are good incentives for people willing to work hard, but if the external environment is different, their performance will be different, such as the stock market and macroeconomic policy. So the author analyses the domestic macroeconomic, monetary pol
21、icy, company operations, financial status, selectivity ability, timing ability, average holding price-earnings ratio, the fund investment style, fund transaction costs, the fundsassets size and other factors from the internal and external factors of the system impact on open-ended equity fund perfor
22、mance. Finally, the selectivity ability, timing ability, average holding price-earnings ratio, the fund investment style, the fundsssets size and the yield of the previous year were selected as effect factors which with multiple regression analysis to examine the funds performance.Consideration of t
23、he complexity and limitations in multiple regression analysis, this paper draws on domestic and international research results on fund managers operations evaluation such as the prevailing T-M model. And establish the multiple regression analysis with the backward way to acquire the final evaluation
24、 model.The model outputs from the final results,in 2008,the strength of fund managersselectivity ability,market timing ability doesnt greatly improve the fund performance. Meanwhile,the output of model also shows that high growth stocks held in the actual operation will be related with high rate of
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