欧洲文化入门 第七章 浪漫主义.ppt
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1、Division seven Romanticism What is Romanticism?nIt was a movement in literature,philosophy,music and art which developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.nIt held that classicism failed to express mans emotional nature and overlooked his profound inner forces.nAs a reaction to the
2、 industrial revolution,it looked to the direct contact with nature for inspiration.nRomanticism emphasized individual values and aspirations above those of society.Romanticism(literature)na movement in the literature of almost every country of Europe,the US,and Latin Americanfrom about 1750 to about
3、 1870nThe term“romantic”originally meant“romancelike”resembling the fanciful character of medieval romances.Characteristics of Romanticismnreliance on the imagination and subjectivity 主观,主体性主观,主体性nEmphasis on individual freedom of thought and expressionnidealization of naturenEulogy 赞美赞美 of pure sen
4、timents and ideal beautynflexibility 自由自由 of form and style adapted to varying content nemphasis on the subjective,the spontaneous自发的,自然而然产生的自发的,自然而然产生的 and even the supernatural超自然的超自然的.nThey held up the individual of pure sentiments as a way of personal salvation救赎救赎 amidst the vices of industrial
5、ized society.nThey longed to return to nature and to childlike innocence.nThey looked to the idyllic 田园的田园的 life as an escape from the corrupt and polluted urban civilization.A shift of emphasisnimagination over reasonnemotions over logicn intuition 直觉直觉 over sciencenfrom the universal 普遍的宇普遍的宇宙的宙的t
6、o the individualnfrom the social to the personalOrigin nBy the late 18th century in France and Germany,literary taste began to turn from classical and neoclassical conventions to Romanticism.ntwo great forerunners:nRousseaunGoetheThe leading Romanticistsnin EnglandnBlakenWordsworth,ColeridgenByron,S
7、helley and KeatsnScottnin France nHugonSand nin Germany nHeinenin Russia nPushkin II.Romanticism in Germanyn Goethe and SchillernGoethes The Sorrows of Young Werther(1774)nSchillers Love and IntriguenSchlegel Brothers(the Jena School)nThe Jena School:Schlegel Brothers,Novalis and TiecknHeinrich Hein
8、e (1749-1832)Johann Wolfgang von GoetheEarlylife The great friendship creations4123ContentsWeimar and Italian Johann Wolfgang Goethe(1749-1832)is the mid-18th century to early 19th century Germany and Europe important writer,his life across two centuries,when the European social turbulence of the er
9、a of great change Goethes works span the fields of poetry,drama,literature,theology,Humanism,science,and painting.Goethe German national literature is the most prominent representative of the German literary creation to Europes advanced level,as well as the development of European literature made gr
10、eat contributions Brief introductionEarlylife JohannWolfgangGoethewasbornedin1749,whenhewasyoung,helivedwithhisfamilyinalargehouseinFrankfurt,thenanImperialFreeCityoftheHolyRomanEmpire.Hewasverycleaverwhenhewasasmallboy,hehadfromchildhoodthesingularhabitofalwayslearningbyheartthebeginningsofbooks,an
11、dthedivisionsofawork.Goetheshometown GoethestudiedlawinLeipzigfrom1765to1768.Atthattime,GoethefellinlovewithandwrotecheerfulversesaboutherintheRococogenre.In1770,heanonymouslyreleasedAnnette,hisfirstcollectionofpoems.InFrankfurt,Goethebecameseverelyill.Duringtheyearandahalfthatfollowed,becauseofseve
12、ralrelapses,therelationshipwithhisfatherworsened.Duringconvalescence,Goethewasnursedbyhismotherandsister.Boredinbed,hewroteanimpudentcrimecomedy.InApril1770,hisfatherlosthispatience;GoetheleftFrankfurtinordertofinishhisstudiesinStrasbourg.Goethes roomGoethesgardenGoethes clockGoethes deskGoethes kit
13、chen In 1775,Goethe was invited,on the strength of his fame as the author of the sorrows of youngwerther,to the court of CaralAugust,Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach,who would become Grand Duke in 1815.(The Duke at the time was 18 years of age,to Goethes 26.)Goethe thus went to live in Weimar,where he r
14、emained for the rest of his life and where,over the course of many years,he held a succession of offices,becoming the Dukes chief adviser.Early years in Weimar 缇士拜恩的画缇士拜恩的画“歌德在意大利歌德在意大利”GoethesjourneytotheItalianpeninsulafrom1786to1788wasofgreatsignificanceinhisaestheticalandphilosophicaldevelopment
15、.Early years in Italian HealsojourneyedtoSicilyduringthistime,andwroteintriguinglythatTohaveseenItalywithouthavingseenSicilyistonothaveseenItalyatall,forSicilyisthecluetoeverything.WhileinSouthernItalyandSicily,Goetheencountered,forthefirsttimegenuineGreek(asopposedtoRoman)architecture,andwasquitest
16、artledbyitsrelativesimplicity.Winckelmannhadnotrecognizedthedistinctnessofthetwostyles.In 1794 Friedrich Schiller wrote to Goethe offering friendship;they had previously had only a mutually wary relationship ever since first becoming acquainted in 1788.This collaborative friendship lasted until Schi
17、llers death in 1805.The great friendship Schiller Friedrich von Schiller(1759-1805)Schiller was born at a poor citizens family of German Wurttemburg principality,At the age of 14,Schiller was forced by the principality ruler Wurttemburg duke to go to Carls school to study law,afterwards just agree t
18、hat he could learn medical.Schiller is the second milestone only next to Goethe in the German classic literature The creations of youthful Schiller mainly have four-part drama.robber writing in 1780 is his representative work.In 1782 his another drama scheme and love makes a more brilliance and stro
19、nger be against feudality。In May,1805,Schiller pass away and Goethe is very painful,he says:I lost Schiller and also lost the half of my life.After Goethe passing away,according to his dying wish he is buried next to the relique of Schiller.Schiller and geothes TombcreationsIthinkofyou,whenIseethesu
20、nsshimmerGleamingfromthesea.Ithinkofyou,whenthemoonsglimmerIsreflectedinthesprings.seeyou,whenonthedistantroadThedustrises,Indeepnight,whenonthenarrowbridgeThetravelertrembles.我想起你,每当太阳从大我想起你,每当太阳从大海上海上辉煌照耀;辉煌照耀;我想起你,每当月亮在泉我想起你,每当月亮在泉水中水中抖动彩笔。抖动彩笔。我看到你,每当在大路的我看到你,每当在大路的远方远方扬起灰尘;扬起灰尘;每当深夜,浪游者在山间每当深夜,
21、浪游者在山间小路小路哆嗦战栗。哆嗦战栗。weddingwedding Ihearyou,whenwithadullroarThewavesurges.InthequietgroveIoftengotolistenWhenallissilent.Iamwithyou,howeverfarawayyoumaybe,Youarenexttome!Thesunissetting,soonthestarswillshineuponme.Ifonlyyouwerehere!我听见你,每当大我听见你,每当大海掀起狂涛海掀起狂涛发出咆哮;发出咆哮;在沉静的林苑中,在沉静的林苑中,我常去倾听我常去倾听万籁俱寂。
22、万籁俱寂。我伴着你,即使你我伴着你,即使你在天涯海角在天涯海角犹如身边;犹如身边;太阳西沉,星星很太阳西沉,星星很快将照耀我快将照耀我呵,愿你也在这里。呵,愿你也在这里。宣告作者:歌德朗诵:珍惜.Goethehadagreateffectonthenineteenthcentury.Inmanyrespects,hewastheoriginatorofmanyideaswhichlaterbecamewidespread.Heproducedvolumesofpoetry,essays,criticism,atheoryofcoloursandearlyworkonevolutionandli
23、nguistics.GoethesinfluencewasdramaticbecauseheunderstoodthattherewasatransitioninEuropeansensibilities,anincreasingfocusonsense,theindescribable,andtheemotional.海涅 亨利希海涅(17971856)是19世纪德国伟大的革命民主主义诗人、杰出的散文家和政论家,也是19世纪前期浪漫主义文学和批判现实主义文学范畴在德国的主要代表人物。(一)生平和创作 n海涅于1797年12月31日出生在德国西部莱茵河流域的杜塞尔多夫城一个贫穷的犹太商人家里。
24、他的父亲曾经在汉罗威尔军队中作过军需官,后来浪游到杜塞尔多夫,娶了医生方格尔德尔因的女儿作妻子。海涅的童年(18061813)是在拿破仑军队占领下的家乡度地的。海涅在杜塞尔多夫中学受了进步思想教育。n 成年后,父母要他经营商业:19岁那年(1815),中学还未毕业,就被父母送到汉堡伯父那里,伯父是个大银行家,靠了他的资助办起一所商店。可是海涅极端讨厌商业,不久商店倒闭。跟亲属作了长久的斗争之后,终于摆脱了商业。1819年入波恩大学学习法律,翌年转到哥根廷大学,后转到柏林大学,1824年又回到哥根廷大学,在此毕业并获得法学博士学位。n海涅很早就开始写诗,1816年首次发表作品。他最初的创作受德国
25、浪漫派的影响,但一开始就摆脱了这个古典浪漫派的神秘特征和反动政治观点,只是接受了他的讲究形式和接近民歌的风格。他早期的抒情诗,最初以青春的苦恼、抒情插曲、归乡集以及北海集等组诗陆续发表,1827年收集在一起出版,名为歌集。歌集出版后,轰动一时,受到广大读者的欢迎,其中许多诗歌被音乐家配上乐谱。在海涅死前重版了13次。从1824年到1828年海涅以亲身的经历写出他的著名的散文游记哈尔茨山游记、观念一勒格朗特文集、英国断片以及关于意大利的游记.n1830年法国7月革命使他受到极大的鼓舞,他向往法国的自由,在1831年5月他到了巴黎,后来除了1843年和1844年两次短期回汉堡外,他再也没有见到他的
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