英语教学中文化导入的重要性.doc

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1、 摘 要 由于文化和语言之间的关系密不可分，所以在英语教学中，我们应重视英语国家文化和背景知识的教育，这篇论文着重阐述了在教学中讲解和渗透西方文化知识的重要性，具体内容和个人的一些方法。文化教学是英语教学中极为重要的一环。教师要充分考虑文化因素，将语言教学与培养学生的跨文化交际能力相结合。在语言教学最常见的词汇和语篇教学的过程中，尤其应当进行积极的文化导入。外语教学中的跨文化知识导入，应基于文化的特性，除了传统的文化导入途径外，还可从谚语、格言、价值观等对语言的影响，思维方式对语言的影响，以及本土文化知识等几个方面进行。 关键词：文化；语言；英语教学；文化差异；文化导入 Abstract Be

2、cause of the inseparable relationship between culture and language, so in English teaching, we should pay more attention to education of English national culture and background knowledge. This thesis focuses on the importance of explanation and the infiltration of western culture and knowledge in te

3、aching, some methods of the specific content and people. Culture teaching is a very important part in English teaching。The teachers should fully consider the culture factors and make the language teaching with students intercultural communicative competence in combination. In the process of vocabula

4、ry and discourse teaching is the most common of language teaching, especially culture introduction .In foreign language teaching intercultural knowledge introduction, should be based on the characteristics of culture, in addition to the traditional approach to cultural introduction and also from the

5、 influence of proverbs, maxims, values on the language , the influence of the way of thinking on language, as well as several native cultural knowledge etc.Key Words: culture; language; English teaching,;cultural difference IContents摘 要IAbstractII1. Introduction12. The Relationship Between Culture a

6、nd Language12.1 Language is a Special Cultural Phenomenon12.2 Language is the Most Important Carrier of Culture12.3 The Development of Cultural Introduction23. Importance of Cultural Background in Language Teaching23.1 Necessity of Cultural Background in Oral English23.2 Necessity of Cultural Backgr

7、ound in Aural Comprehension33.3 Necessity of Cultural Background in Reading43.4 Necessity of Cultural Background in Writing and Translation63.4.1 In Writing63.4.2 In Translation64. How to Carry out The Teaching of Cultural Background84.1 Selecting Proper Teaching Materials84.2 Encourage Students Com

8、municate with Native Speakers94.3 Create a Culture of Dialogue Context104.3.1 Role Play114.3.2 Change the Text into a Dialogue114.3.3 Single or Multiple Choices115. Conclusion12Bibliography14Acknowledgements151. IntroductionNowadays, the introduction of cultural knowledge has been generally recogniz

9、ed in the English teaching in China, but there are many issues need to be thought deeply. Firstly, the understanding of the relationship between culture and foreign language teaching should be researched the widely and deeply. Secondly, there are many arguments of the content and the way of cultural

10、 existence . I think, long time differences will not conducive to the development of English teaching. So I briefly talk about the importance of cultural introduction in English teaching and learning.2. The Relationship Between Culture and Language As everyone knows, language and culture are insepar

11、able. Language is the main carrier of culture, while culture is reflected in language. Any language is a cultural elements, but also to create a culture of tools. Language serves as and reflects the cultural need. Therefore, language learning is inherited cultural learning, language teaching and cul

12、ture teaching closely. In 1964, American linguist Lado points out: if do not have a cultural background is very good, not good learning the language.2.1 Language is a Special Cultural Phenomenon It is a product of prehistoric times, is the human unconscious Creation - not entirely equivalent to cult

13、ural creativity. It does not belong to the subjective world, also do not belong to the objective world, nature has between two person. It is the carrier of culture, but also is the reflection of culture, is the era, super, super political ideas.2.2 Language is the Most Important Carrier of Culture I

14、t is the most important carrier, is relative to the other carrier. To the people of other carriers can only show a part of culture, or even a corner of culture; language then comprehensively stocked with overall information culture. Language if you want to transcend time and space, requires the help

15、 text. From the view of phenomena, seems to be the most important text serves as carrier, however, from the perspective of linguistics, language is the symbol to record language, load function words, is depend on its special relationship with the language.2.3 The Development of Cultural Introduction

16、Early in 1983 in china Mr. Xu Guozhang gave a speech titled The Cultural Connotation of words and English teaching. In the speech he points out that the foreign language teaching field starts to show its attention on the relationship between culture and foreign language .In the late 1980s, Byram obs

17、erved that culture represents“hidden”curriculum in second and foreign language teaching。He points out that introducing the culture of its speakers is necessary in English teaching, because language invariably refers to their knowledge and perceptions in foreign countries, the importance of cultural

18、introduction in English teaching has been widely recognized。3. Importance of Cultural Background in Language Teaching3.1 Necessity of Cultural Background in Oral EnglishLanguage and culture are inextricably intertwined. If one wants to communicate with foreigners with proper language, he must learn

19、about the languages culture in order to avoid misunderstanding.Because of different cultural background, there usually are some misunderstandings between two people whose native languages are different when they are talking, although their languages are exact. Language is part of culture. A language

20、 not only expresses facts, ideas or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the peoples attitudes, beliefs, world outlooks etc. Language played a major role in socializing the people and in perpetuating of culture, especially in print form. Learning a language

21、, not only phonetics, grammar, phrases and idioms should be mastered, but also how the people who speak this language value the world must be understoodthat is culture. So we can say language teaching is in essence culture teaching.There are two words cowboy and hippies in English but we cannot find

22、 the Chinese words which have the same meaning. Because cowboy is related to American history and the legend of cowboy is romantic. If we translate it into mu tong or niu zai, some romantic thing may be lost. And that hippie is translated into xi pi shi also cannot express the characters of American

23、 youths at that time. Different groups, who have different languages, have different world views which are reflected in their languages. The aim of learning language is to communicate. And in communication, besides using exact language, we should also pay attention to the situation, the relation bet

24、ween the two communications and knowledge about social culture. So we must use the appropriate language in communication. It is clear that pragmatic error sometimes is more serious than grammar error. Therefore, appropriate language is very important and if you want to use it, you must know about cu

25、lture, for example, a Chinese use the word lover to introduce his wife, which surprised foreigners, because lover in English has the same meaning with qing fu in Chinese. While 爱人 should be translated into husband or wife. 3.2 Necessity of Cultural Background in Aural Comprehension Once an American

26、was visiting the home of a Chinese, as the visitor saw the hosts wife, he said,“ Your wife is very beautiful.” The host smiled and said: “Where ? Where? ”which caused the Americans surprise, but still he answered: “ Eyes , hair, nose”an answer that the host found a bit puzzling. The surprising was c

27、aused by different cultures. “Where? Where?” meaning “哪里！ 哪里！”in Chinese is a kind of humble saying. But the American understood it as “Which parts of the body are beautiful?” So, the reason for both sides misunderstandings was differences in customs and habits. Each was expressing and understanding

28、 what the other said according to his or her culture. Events like these are fairly common when people of different languages and cultures communicate. Because of cultural differences, misunderstandings may arise, although the language used in communication may be faultless. The same words or express

29、ions may not mean the same thing to different peoples. Because of cultural differences, a serious question may cause amusement or laughter；a harmless statement may cause displeasure or anger. Because of cultural differences, jokes by a foreign speaker maybe received with blank faces and stony silenc

30、e. Yet the same stories in the speakers own country would leave audiences holding their sides with laughter.3.3 Necessity of Cultural Background in ReadingInfluence factors of reading comprehension activities are varied and complex, which includes not only the cultural background and the differences

31、 in reading material the author itself, and also including the readers own cultural background and differences. So in order to achieve the ideal reading comprehension, fully aware of the influence of cultural differences on reading should be in the teaching of reading. The goal of culture teaching i

32、s not simply to teach cultural knowledge, but fundamentally improve reading intercultural communicative competence, the most fundamental way is to guide the reader understand the target language countries in the way people perceive the world, the main aspects of intercultural communication involves

33、from the macroscopic to strengthen, strengthen cultural influence, establish cultural cognitive schema. Cultural cognitive schema macro includes the people to the target countrys values, thinking and reasoning mode and communication protocol. Different values of the different ways of thinking, it wi

34、ll cause the communication specification, encoding and decoding methods, lexical, syntactic, discourse structure and other aspects of the different. Two kinds of Chinese and Western different values and thinking mode constructs mode communication style and different speech acts. Long-term since, the

35、 cultural factors in the human habit become a fixed knowledge structure, as the Chinese foreign language learners, only consciously acquisition, to accumulate, form a certain culture, can be in the use of language from consciousness to unconsciousness, handle very skillfully, thus forming a specific

36、 mode of thinking in the brain compared with the native language, cognitive schema, with cultural knowledge and system, build the culture of the target language cognitive schema, and fluency, appropriateness, the appropriate use of language and understand language. In the macroscopic background know

37、ledge of language and culture teaching, should also improve the microscopic understanding of culture teaching, cultural connotation and strengthen cultural heritage. In the target culture learning, on the other hand, according to the cultural connotation of linguistic theory and communication theory

38、 of communicative words, sentences and passages for microscopic analysis, to improve the cultural similarities and differences to the rational height, let the students have a panoramic view of the impression of the culture of the target language, familiar with all kinds of cultural differences, from

39、 the culture of the target language perspective and understanding of things, the accurate judgment to the communicative discourse, this cultural cognitive ability is culture teaching goal, cultural phenomenon that surface into the cultural structure of deep and cognitive schema, so as to guide the c

40、ultural behavior of concrete. Reading English articles requires a certain language basis, but the competence of reading comprehension is not entirely related to ones language level. Knowledge of cultural background is also important. Reading is a process affected by integration of ones language know

41、ledge, cultural background knowledge and other professional knowledge, and a process of continuous guesses and corrections according to available language material, cultural background and logical reasoning. Generally speaking, Chinese people study Chinese without the difficulties aroused by cultura

42、l background. Chinese proverbs like “只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯”, “平时不烧香,临时抱佛脚”, “差之毫厘,失之千里” will not influence our understanding of article. The connotation of such new words as “改革开放” “大腕” “追星族” are easily understood, too. However, when we read English articles, differences between Chinese and western cultures

43、 often bring us many difficulties. There are some examples to understand the colors by different cultures. So we can also see the importance of background knowledge in reading comprehension。Pink is a variation of red, can be regarded as a kind of red or should revert. In Chinese culture, also known

44、as peach pink color. Coming back in the Tang Dynasty poet wrote 人面桃花相映红 of the poem, compared to peach and women, investigate its cause, is the women themselves are decorated with pink and the application of rouge, his face white and red, can be compared with the beautiful peach blossom. Pink can be

45、 a symbol of women, such as Bai Juyis song of Everlasting Sorrow（长恨歌） in: enchanting smiles, six palace powder woman no color（回眸一笑百媚生，一骑红尘妃子笑）, the young man is called the beloved female confidante（红颜知己）.That improper sexual relations between men and women as the peach events（桃色事件）.In western cultur

46、e, the symbol of pink is essence and acme。Such as, （1）the pink of perfection means perfect thing or person .（2）the pink of politeness means Very refined and courteous; it a symbol of high society. For example,（1）pink lady refers to high-style cocktails （2）pink tea means the upper social activities,（

47、3）a pink-collar worker means High levels of female secretary.3.4 Necessity of Cultural Background in Writing and Translation3.4.1 In Writing Learning a language must understand the culture in English writing. In recent years, the overall English level and examination results of domestic students has

48、 been significantly improved, but the English writing ability and level basically is in stagnation and hover .Investigate its reason, besides the English language knowledge they do not know, understanding the target language cultural background are also important causes. English writing is not only a communicative behavior in different languages and cultures, but also the transformation behavior of a cultural pattern. Interference in this conversion process must be influenced by the mother tongue. Chinese students writing is usually used in native mode of thinking to wri