国际金融英文版第十五版复习资料.docx
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1、前言学弟学妹们,当你们看到这篇复习资料的时候, 学长已经在文档上传的当天上午参加了国际金融的考试, 本复习资料主要针对对象为成都信息工程学院(CUIT)英语系大三学生, 且立足教材也基于托马斯A普格尔(Thomas A. Pugel)先生所著国际金融英文版第15版, 其他版本或者相似教材也可作为参考, 本资料的整理除了参考维基百科,百度百科以及MBA智库百科,当然最重要的是我们老师的课件. 为了帮助同学们顺利通过考试, 当然是拿到高分, 希望此资料能够帮助你们节省时间, 达到高效复习的效果. 外国语学院2011级,陈爵歌(Louis) 2014年1月6日晚于宿舍Chapter 2Transna
2、tionality Index(跨国化指数)(TNI) is a means of ranking multinational corporations that is employed by economists and politicians. (反映跨国公司海外经营活动的经济强度,是衡量海外业务在公司整体业务中地位的重要指标)Foreign assets to total assets(外国资产占总资产比)Foreign sales to total sales(海外销售占总销售)Foreign employees to total employees(外籍雇员占总雇员)跨国化指数的构成
3、联合国跨国公司与投资司使用的跨国化指数由三个指标构成: 国外资产对公司总资产的百分比; 国外销售对公司总销售的百分比; 国外雇员人数对公司雇员总人数的百分比关于TNI的计算公式:International Economic Integration(国际经济一体化)International economic integration refers to the extent and strength of real-sector and financial-sector linkages among national economies.(国际经济一体化是指两个或两个以上的国家在现有生产力发展水
4、平和国际分工的基础上,由政府间通过协商缔结条约,让渡一定的国家主权,建立两国或多国的经济联盟,从而使经济达到某种程度的结合以提高其在国际经济中的地位)Real Sector(实际经济部门): The sector of the economy engaged in the production and sale of goods and services(指物质的、精神的产品和服务的生产、流通等经济活动。包括农业、工业、交通通信业、商业服务业、建筑业等物质生产和服务部门,也包括教育、文化、知识、信息、艺术、体育等精神产品的生产和服务部门.)Financial Sector(财政部门): (Th
5、is is) the sector of the economy where individuals trade in financial assets. (从中央到地方的政府行政机关中负责财政管理工作的机构)Though economists tend to measure activity in these two sectors separately, an important point of this chapter is to show that they are linked.Cross-Border Transaction in Bonds and Equities(债权和股票
6、的跨境交易)TNC(Transnational Corporation跨国公司)Balance of Payments Accounting(BOP)(国际收支账户的平衡/差额)A double-entry system(复式记账系统).Debit Entries(借方项目“-”): Transactions that generate a payment outflow (e.g., import).一国进行支付的价值流动,如进口Credit Entries(贷方项目“+”): Transactions that generate a payment inflow (e.g., export
7、).一国接受支付的价值流动,如出口国际收支平衡(balance of international payments accounts): are an accounting record of all monetary transactions between a country and the rest of the world (国际收支平衡也称外部平衡,指一国国际收支净额即净出口与净资本流出的差额为零。即:国际收支净额净出口净资本流出;或BPNXF)Includes:Goods(商品)Services(服务)Income Receipts and Payments(收入的获得与支出)Un
8、ilateral Transfers(单方面转移,如馈赠)Current Account(经常项目): In economics, the current account is one of the two primary components of the balance of payments, the other being capital account. It is the sum of the balance of trade (i.e., net revenue on exports minus payments for imports), factor income (earn
9、ings on foreign investments minus payments made to foreign investors) and cash transfers. (经常账户(Current Account)一国国际收支的主要组成部分,主要包括商品贸易收支,即有形货物的进出口,及服务贸易收支,即诸如旅游、银行及保险等各种服务的往来。经常账户不包含长期借贷和投资的资金流,这些均是资本账户上的项目。or经常账户(即“经常项目”):指本国与外国进行经济交易而经常发生的项目,是国际收支平衡表中最主要的项目,包括对外贸易收支、非贸易往来和无偿转让三个项目。)Goods: Exports
10、and imports of tangible items(有形物品).Services: Exports and imports of services.Income Receipts(海外资产的投资收入): Include items such as Investment income on US-owned assets abroad.Receipts of income on US direct investment abroad.Income receiptsIncome Payments(向外国人支付的投资收入): Include items such as Investment
11、income on foreign-owned assets in the United States.Payments of income on foreign direct investment in the United StatesUS Government income payments Unilateral Transfers(单方面转移支付): Includes items such as: Government grants abroad(政府海外捐赠) Private remittances(私人汇款) Private grants abroad The current ac
12、count balance is the sum of the debit and credit entries in the accounts just described. A current account deficit occurs when the sum of the debit entries exceeds the sum of the credit entries. A current account surplus occurs when the sum of the credit entries exceeds the sum of the debit entries.
13、The Financial Sector: includes The Capital and Financial Account(资本与金融账户)The capital and financial account: - Includes portfolio and foreign direct investment(证券和对外直接投资)- Includes changes in banks and brokers cash deposits that arise from international transactionsPortfolio Investment: Individual or
14、 business purchase of stocks, bond, or other financial assets or deposits. (An income strategy)(是狭义的投资,是指企业或个人用积累起来的货币购买股票、债券等有价证券,借以获得收益的行为)Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Purchase of financial assets that result in a 10 percent or greater ownership share. (A financial control strategy)(国际直接投资是指投资
15、者以控制企业部分产权、直接参与经营管理为特征,以获取利润为主要目的的资本对外输出。国际直接投资可分为创办新企业和控制外国企业股权两种形式.)国际直接投资特点 国际直接投资与其他投资相比,具有实体性、控制性、渗透性和跨国性的重要特点。具体表现在: (1)国际直接是长期资本流动的一种主要形式,它不同于短期资本流动,它要求投资主体必须在国外拥有企业实体,直接从事各类经营活动。 (2)国际直接投资表现为资本的国际转移和拥有经营权的资本国际流动两种形态,即有货币投资形式又有实物投资形式。 (3)国际直接投资是取得对企业经营的控制权,不同于间接投资,他通过参与、控制企业经营权获得利益。当代的国际直接投资又
16、有以下几个特点:规模日益扩大、由单向流动变为对向流动、发展中国家国际直接投资日趋活跃、区域内相互投资日趋扩大、国际直接投资部门结构的重大变化、跨国并购成为一种重要的投资形式等等。 A net creditor is a nation whose total claims on foreign residents exceed the total claims of foreign residents on the residents of the domestic nation. (净债权国:当一个国家的对外债权债务净头寸为正数时,我们称其为净债权国。 净债权国并不意味着境外投资收益的优良。如
17、果一国的对外投资是以直接投资、私人性质的证券投资和其他投资为主体,那么它的债权国地位可以称之为“私人债权国”地位;如果一国的对外投资是以储备资产或官方贷款为主要形式,则债权国称为“官方债权国”。)A net debtor is a nation whose total claims on foreign residents are less than the total claims of foreign residents on the residents of the domestic nation. ( 一国持有的他国金融资产总量低于他国持有的该国金融资产总量,这样的国家就是债务国。)T
18、he Relationship Between the Current Account and the Capital Account (经常项目与资本账户的关系)Expenditures Approach to National Income (国民收入支出的方法)- National income is the sum of expenditures in the following categories; consumer expenditures, private investment expenditures, government expenditures, and net exp
19、ort expenditures (国民收入支出的总和在以下类别;消费者支出、私人投资支出、政府支出和净出口费用)y= c + ip + g + (x-m) c本国对商品和服务的私人消费支出ip 对建筑、设备软件及存货的国内实际投资(指p)g 政府的商品和服务购买X-M外国对本国和本国对外国商品和服务购买的净额Let the current account, ca equalca = (x m)Then y=c + ip + g + caIncome Approach (入息计算法/收益法/收入法) - Income has three possible uses; it can be spe
20、nt on current consumption, it can be saved (private saving), and we pay taxes to the government(收入有三种可能的用途,它可以用于当前消费,它可以保存(私人储蓄),我们向政府纳税)y= c + sp + tBecause both approaches equal national income, we can set the two identities equal:c + sp + t = c +ip + g + caor, sp ip (g - t) = caPrivate Saving(私人储
21、蓄)Private saving can be used to purchase three types of assets, domestic private investment, government debt (g t) or to accumulate foreign assets (fa) (私人储蓄可以用于购买三种类型的资产,国内私人投资,政府债务(g - t)或积累外国资产(fa) sp = ip + (g t) + fa Where fa is the (net) accumulation of foreign assets (domestic residents purch
22、ases of foreign assets in excess excess of foreign residents purchases of domestic assets).Then, by rearrangementsp ip (g t) = faPutting the two together:ca = sp ip (g t) = fa结论: Private domestic saving less private domestic investment less the fiscal balance (government saving) equals the current a
23、ccount balance, which also equals the (net) accumulation of foreign assets. (私人国内储蓄私人国内投资财政收支平衡经常账户收支=净外汇资产)实例:Using the equality we derived, ca = sp ip (g t) = faSuppose a nations private saving rate is 5.2 percent of its total output, its private investment rate is 7.3 percent, and its fiscal budg
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