如何翻译法律英语文献（答案）.DOC

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1、补充材料部分参考答案:Unit One法律英语常见句型（1）OTHERWISE: 1) under other circumstances; （在其他情况下）2) in another manner; （其他方面）3)in other respects; （其他方面）1.Unless in any enactment it is otherwise provided, the period of imprisonment, which may be imposed by a magistrate exercising summary jurisdiction, in respect of th

2、e non-payment of any sum of money adjudged to be paid by a conviction, whether it be fine or in respect of the property the subject of the offence, or in respect of the injury done by the offender, or in respect of the default of a sufficient distress to satisfy any such sum, shall be such period as

3、, in the opinion of the magistrate, will satisfy the justice of the case, but shall not exceed in any case the maximum fixed by the following scale.2. Any person who by threats, persuasion or otherwise induces a witness or a party not to give evidence in any hearing before the Board commits an offen

4、ce. 参考答案:1除成文法另有规定外，对于因不缴付根据定罪裁定须缴付的款项（不论是罚款或者就作为罪行主体的财物而须缴付的款项），或因犯罪者所造成的损害，或因无足够扣押物来抵偿此等款项，则行使简易程序审判权的裁判官，可判处其认为就案情而言是符合公正原则的监禁刑期，但是无论如何不得超过下表所定的最长刑期。2任何人以恐吓, 怂恿或以其他手段诱使证人不在仲裁处听政中作证, 即属犯罪。长句/段落翻译:1. A general disposition of property shall be construed to include any property which the testator may

5、 have power to appoint in any manner he may think proper and shall operate as an execution of such power, unless a contrary intention appears from the will.参考答案:（结构拆分）1. 财产的一般处置必须解释作: 包括立遗嘱人有权以其认为适当的方式指定受益的任何财产的处置, 并按照该权力的执行而实施, 除非遗嘱内显示相反的意愿。篇章翻译:Law in BusinessA person who is involved in business i

6、s also involved in the law concerning business. Making contracts and using negotiable instruments - both of which are legal concepts - are the essence of business. Business and law were closely associated even when there were few lawyers and business managers spent relatively little time with them.

7、The growing importance of law in business, however, is shown by the rapid increase in the use of lawyers by people in business. In recent years, the number of corporate counsel, the full-time lawyers who are employed by corporations, has been growing faster than the number in any other category of a

8、ttorneys. Law firms that serve primarily business people have also been expanding at a great rate. Even the smallest businesses turn to lawyers frequently.Almost every business activity involves legal risks and consequences. To avoid costly court judgments and to get what they are entitled to under

9、the law, people in business need to be generally familiar with the law applicable to their activities.The practice of preventive law requires a knowledgeable lawyer. The client needs to understand the legal system and the applicable law well enough to be able to communicate with the lawyer. As a cli

10、ent you need to know what information is relevant and necessary to the lawyers opinion. Too often clients get in trouble because they have not fully informed their lawyers. A legal opinion is no better than the information upon which it is based. Clients also often apply legal advice to situations n

11、ot contemplated by the lawyer. This can lead to a lawsuit, or it may discourage the client from doing something that is clearly legal. Law is an important part of the culture of any society. Like its language, law reflects the values, history and current problems of a society. To learn something abo

12、ut law as an institution, how it functions in the society, and some of its basic concepts is essential to an understanding of the society.参考答案:商业上的法律一个同商业打交道的人同时也在同商法打交道。 订立契约和使用票据 (这两者都是法律概念), 是商业的精髓。 甚至在律师还寥寥无几而且相对而言企业经理还很少花时间向律师咨询的时代, 商业和法律就已经紧密地结合在一起了。但是商界雇佣律师的情况骤增这一事实表明: 法律在商业上日益重要了。 近年来, 公司律师

13、(即由公司雇佣的专职律师) 的人数比其他任何一类律师的人数增长得都多。主要为商界人士服务的那些律师事务所也一直在迅速增长。现在甚至连最小的企业也常常去请律师帮忙了。几乎每一项商业活动都有法律风险和后果。为了既可避免要求法院判决而破财, 也可以取得依法享有的权益, 商界人士必须对适用于他们业务活动的法律有一般的了解。为了避免对簿公堂, 需要有精通业务的律师。 当事人要能同律师互相交流, 必须对法律制度和所适用的法律有足够的了解。 作为一个当事人, 你得知道在律师看来, 哪些信息是直接相关而且又是必不可少的。当事人往往由于没有把全部情况让律师知道而遇到了麻烦。律师提供的意见不可能比他所根据的信息还

14、高明。当事人也往往把律师的意见用到律师所没有设想到的情况中去，这样会引起诉讼; 要不然, 也会使当事人产生顾虑 - 明明是合法的事情却不敢去做。法律是任何社会文化的重要组成部分。像一个社会的语言一样, 法律反映某一个社会的价值观, 历史, 和现实的问题。对作为一种制度的法律, 对如何行使法律的社会职能以及对某些基本法律概念有所了解, 是了解一个社会所必不可少的。你知道吗?双赢 / 两全其美的结果win-win equation / no lose situation三全齐美 / 皆大欢喜all-win solution / all-win agreement信用卡 / 负债卡credit ca

15、rd / debit card百万富翁 / 百万富婆millionaire高层建筑 / 多层建筑high rise / low rise摩天大楼 / 摩地大楼skyscraper / groundscraperUnit Two法律英语常见句型（2）SUBJECT TO: 以为条件，根据的规定，在符合的条件下1.Subject to this section, an appeal shall be brought in such manner and shall be subject to such conditions as are prescribed by rules made under

16、 subsection 5.2. Subject to subsection 4, the information referred to in section 13 (2) and in section 14 (2) may be required from a legal adviser as from any other person, notwithstanding that the effect of compliance with such a requirement would be to disclose any privileged information or commun

17、ication.3. Subject to subsection 3, the Board shall have jurisdiction to inquire into, hear and determine the claims specified in the Schedule. 参考答案:1在符合本条的规定下，上诉须按根据5款订立的规则内订明的方式提出，并须受该规则所订明的条件限制。2在第4款的规定下，可向律师(顾问)要求提供第13（2）及14（2）条所指证据，也可向其他人提出此要求，即使遵照该要求办理会造成披露保密数据或沟通信息的后果也无妨。3除第3款另有规定外，仲裁处具备查询，听政

18、及裁决附表内指明的索赔案的司法管辖权。长句/段落翻译:If a Purchaser shall make and insist on any objection or requisition either as to title conveyance or any matter appearing on the title deeds or particulars or conditions or otherwise the Vendor shall be unable or on the ground of difficulty or expense or on any other reas

19、onable ground unwilling to remove or comply with the Vendor shall notwithstanding any previous negotiation or litigation be at liberty on giving to the Purchaser not less than seven days notice in writing to annul sale in which case unless the objection or requisition shall have been in the meantime

20、 withdrawn the sale shall at the expiration of the notice be annulled the Purchaser being in that event entitled to a return of the deposit but without interest costs or compensation. Provided that should the Purchaser or his nominee have entered into possession of the premises hereby agreed to be s

21、old the Purchaser shall thereupon be deemed to have accepted the title of the Vendor and shall not be entitled to raise any requisition or objection in respect of any the matters aforesaid.参考答案:（长句理解）如果买主要在所有权让与方面, 或在所有权证书或细节或条件上出现的任何问题方面提出并坚持任何反对或要求, 或者情况反过来, 卖主无法或因为困难或费用或因为其他任何合理理由而不愿意搬迁或照合约行事, 不管

22、以前的任何洽谈或诉讼, 卖主有权在给予买主书面通知七天之后取消这宗销售。在这种情况下, 除非反对或要求在其间撤回, 否则那宗销售在通知期满后就取消, 在那时候买主有权收回保证金但是不会获得利息或赔偿。倘若买主或其指定人已占有凭本和约出售的楼宇, 买主即被认为已接受卖主的所有权, 并无权在上述任何问题方面提出任何要求或反对。篇章翻译:International BusinessThe world economy may be conceived of as following one of three models, none of which has ever existed in pure

23、form. They are the laissez-faire model, the national regulation model, and the international regulation model.International agreements have provided almost all the rules in existence today regarding international trade and investment. General problem areas include (1) the denial of entry of foreign

24、goods, where the importing country favors domestic production by excluding or curtailing highly competitive goods from abroad; (2) the denial of entry of foreign capital, where the intended receiving country A refuses to allow capitalization by a foreign country B of a plant to be built in A to prod

25、uce goods for marketing in A using As labor; (3) the denial of rights flowing from ownership, where the ownership rights (proceeds, for example) of a cooperation organized and owned in country A and operating in country B are expropriated by the government of country B; and (4) the denial of develop

26、ment opportunity, where aid from country A to a poor developing country B is cut off because of the abridgement of basic human rights (for example) in country B.Motives for InternationalizationThere are a number of reasons that may prompt a company to establish manufacturing and assembly operations

27、in foreign countries, among them the following -1) To avoid tariff and import barriers and regulations.2) To use local raw materials.3) To participate in the growth of an overseas market.4) To obtain foreign design, technical and marketing skills.5) To reduce or eliminate high transportation costs.6

28、) To maintain existing market positions.7) To follow customers or competitors abroad.8) To obtain incentives offered by host governments.Forms of International BusinessInternational activities of business firms can take a wide variety of forms, some of which are briefly described as follows:Direct I

29、mport Direct Export Direct Investment Portfolio Investment Licensing Contract Manufacturing Manufacturing Facilities Assembly Operations Turnkey Projects参考答案:国际商业我们不妨这样来看: 世界各国的经济都不外乎三种模式, 其中的任何一种向来都不是以纯粹的形式存在的。这三种模式是: 自由放任模式, 国家调节模式和国际调节模式。几乎所有有关国际贸易和投资的现行规则都是由国际协定规定的。一般存在问题的领域包括: (1) 不准外国货进口 (进口国排

30、斥或削减竞争能力强的外国商品以利于国内生产); (2) 不准外资输入 (假想的外资接受国A国不允许本国即A国的工厂由外国B国在A国投资兴建以利用A国的劳动力进行生产，并在A国销售产品)；（）否认由所有权派生的权利（一家由A国设立并拥有而在B国营业的公司，其所有权的权利如收益权由B国政府利用）；（）不给予开发的机会（A国授予某贫困的发展中国家B国的援助因B国剥夺了像人权这样的权利而被终止）。国际化的动机足以促使某公司在国外建立制作和装配业务的理由不止一个，其中包括：） 规避关税，进口壁垒和进口规章；） 利用当地原材料；） 参与发展海外市场；） 获得国外的设计，专业技术和推销等技能；） 减免高额运

31、费；） 维护目前的市场地位；） 了解国外的顾客或竞争对手；） 获得东道国政府所提供的鼓励政策。国际商业的形式：企业的国际活动形式繁多，现略举数端如下：直接进口直接出口直接投资证券投资许可证包产 / 代工制作设施装配作业统包式项目你知道吗?擦香水wear perfume抹唇膏wear lipstick骨瘦如柴wafer-thin生小孩make babies高空抛物airmail（红楼梦）洁本（不含有少儿不宜的文字）sanitized versionUnit Three法律英语常见句型（3）WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO: 在不损害的原则下，在不影响的情况下，不妨碍1) Without

32、prejudice to your powers and discretions, we hereby authorize you or your agents to take any actions including but not limited to the following2) Without prejudice to the generality of Rule 1, a will shall not be affected if 参考答案:1) 为了不使贵行权力和任意决定权受到损害, 本公司兹授权贵行或贵行代理采取包括但不限于下列的任何行动2) 在不影响规则1的一般原则下, 如

33、有下列情形, 遗嘱不受影响。长句/段落翻译:1. Party B also understands that Shenzhen Science and Technology Development Company is an economic entity engaged in the research and development of high technology in China, and that the Company has plans to develop the computer information processing and is technically backe

34、d by research institutes and higher education institutions. Both parties have expressed interests for sincere cooperation of which Party B is fully confident. It is on such a friendly basis that both parties have concluded the Contract as follows参考答案:（连接词）1. 乙方也(已)充分了解到, 深圳科技开发公司是中国国内从事高科技研究和开发的产业经济

35、实体, 在计算机信息处理这个领域中也(早已)有发展的计划, 并且有许多研究所和高等学校的技术支持, 加上双方已确立了真诚合作的愿望, 乙方表示对此项合作也是充满信心的。 为此, 双方本着友好的精神签订本项合同。篇章翻译:Economic Contract - Its Formation and PerformanceIn the course of signing an economic contract, the usual practice is for one of the interested parties to propose that a contract be signed a

36、nd clearly set forth the specific contents of major provisions in the contract. After the other interested party indicates its willingness to accept the proposal, the two parties should reach a mutual agreement through negotiation and in light of the requirements of the state laws, regulations, and

37、plan, and then set it down in written form and sign it. In signing the agreement, however, attention should be paid to the following points: Rights and obligations should be equal, contents should be specific, responsibilities should be clearly defined, and the agreement should be written in unequiv

38、ocal terms. Practice has shown that negligence in these few areas often causes contract disputes.The main contents of an economic contract are: Item (merchandise, labor, or project); quantity and quality of the item; price or service charge; time limit, place and manner of fulfillment; responsibilit

39、y of nonfulfillemnt; clauses set forth as specially required by laws and regulations or required by one of the parties concerned. Aside from the above, clear and definite provisions should be set forth in the contract to define variety, specifications, storage, examination and acceptance, settling o

40、f accounts, and packing and transportation of the items involved to avoid ill-defined responsibility that may lead to disputes.In the real economic life in China there are areas of signing economic contracts on others behalf. To do that the agent must obtain beforehand a certificate from the unit th

41、at delegates the authority and sign the contract in the units name and within the limits of authorization. Otherwise the contract will not be legally binding on the unit delegating the authority. The letter of authorization must carry the name of the agent, objective of the representation, limit of

42、the authorization, term of validity, and authorization date. The unit that delegates the authority must sign its name or affix its official seal.Any economic contract signed in compliance with the laws, regulations, and plan of the state is legally valid. Therefore the contracting parties must fully

43、 carry out the requirements set forth in the contract; otherwise they must assume legal responsibility. This is because economic contracts in China serve as a means to fulfill the state plan. Whether or not economic contracts can be fulfilled has a direct bearing on the development of the national e

44、conomy. Therefore we lay particular emphasis on the strict enforcement of economic contracts once they are signed. This is the fundamental difference that distinguishes us from capitalist countries where a full enforcement of economic contracts is not emphasized. This is because their purpose in sig

45、ning contracts is to make money. To earn more profit, they are allowed to substitute money for contract fulfillment. According to their regulations of exchange, for example, an economic contract of purchase and sale can be regarded as being executed if payment is made according to the price or price

46、 difference previously agreed upon without actual delivery of the goods.As stated, the question of fulfillment means a full enforcement by the two parties concerned of all the requirements set forth in the contract. Things should be done exactly the way the contract stipulates. For example, the amou

47、nt of goods should be delivered exactly as agreed upon; without mutual agreement through consultation, the delivery date can be neither advanced nor postponed; the place for the execution of the contract should be carried out accordingly; and the quality of packing should conform to what is required.参考答案:经济合同的订立和履行签订经济合同的通常做法是一方当事人提出签订合同的建议, 并在合同中明确规定主要条款的具体内容。在另一方当事人表示愿意接受上述建议后, 双方当事人应该通过谈判并遵照国家的法律，法规制定计划, 彼此取得一致意见; 然后做出书面规定并签署合同。但是签订协议时应注意下列事项: 双方的权利与义务必须对等; 内容必须具体; 责任必须清楚; 协议的文字必须明确。事实表明，忽略了这几个方面的情况常引起合同纠纷。经济合同的主要内容有: 事项 (商品, 劳务或项目); 上述事项的数量和质量；价格或服务费; 履行的时限, 地点和方式; 不履行时所负的责任; 按法律和法规的特别要求或