毕业设计论文 外文文献翻译 激光发展史 中英文对照.doc

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1、Chinas laser technology development Retrospect and Prospect Laser is LASER translation. LASER was originally Light amplification by stimulated emissi on of radiation from a combination of the prefix specific terms, in our country has been translated into Laise, lasing light, and optical amplifier by

2、 stimulated emission. 1964, Qian Xuesen academicians proposal named Laser, reflects not only the stimulated emission, the scientific connotation, and that it is a very strong source of new, appropriate, vivid and concise, by the Chinese scientific community consensus and in use ever since. From the

3、1961 China first laser that has successfully developed throughout the country, laser research, teaching, production and use of units under joint efforts, China has formed a complete range, the advanced level, the application of laser technology to a wide range of fields, and made the industrializati

4、on of encouraging progress for Chinas science and technology, national defense and national economy and made positive contributions in the international arena has also gain a place. Chinas early development of laser technology 1957, in Changchun Wang Shouguan, such as Chinas first professional optic

5、al Institute - the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Changchun) optical precision instruments Machinery Research Institute ( -ray machine). In the older generation of experts under the leadership of a number of young science and technology workers will grow rapidly, Deng Ximing is one of the outstanding

6、representatives. As early as in 1958 the United States physicist Xiaoluo, Townes on the principle of laser famous paper published soon, he will actively promote this new technology research carried out in a short time the combination of the innovative spirit of the young and middle-aged research tea

7、m proposed substantial increase brightness light source, color units, coherence of ideas and experimental programmes. 1960 World first laser come out. Summer 1961, under the auspices of Wang Jiang, Chinas first ruby laser developed. Within a short space of a few years, laser technology developed rap

8、idly, and produce a number of advanced achievements. Various types of solids, gases, chemicals and semiconductor lasers have been successfully developed. In the basic research and key technologies, a series of new concepts, new methods and new technologies (such as mutation and cavity Q-to-Q, travel

9、ing wave amplification, Re-use system, free electron oscillations radiation, etc.) have been put forward and implemented, and many of them are unique. At the same time, as a high-brightness, high-directional, high-quality, and other advanced features of the new light source, laser used in various te

10、chnical fields quickly, demonstrating a strong vitality and competitiveness. Communications, in September 1964 by television pictures transmitted laser demonstration, in November 1964 to achieve 3 to 30 km calls. Industries, in May 1965 laser drilling machine successfully used Drawing Die Blanking p

11、roduction, acquisition significant economic benefits. Medicine, June 1965 retinal laser welding for the animals and conduct clinical trials. National defense, in December 1965 successfully developed laser rangefinder Diffuse Reflectance (accuracy of 10 meters / 10 km), in April 1966 developed remote

12、 control pulse laser Doppler velocimeter.Along with the theory study of the laser self-mixing interference becoming maturer higher increasingly, the application in vibration, micro-displacement and velocity measure based on this technology become broader. The technic requires real-time acquisition a

13、nd processing for the laser interferometer signal. The data acquisition and processing system of traditional vibrometer is structural complex, high cost and difficult to carry. With the high running speed and high-precision computing, digital signal processor(DSP) is suitable for the laser self-mixi

14、ng interference signal acquisition and processing. In this paper, the technology of laser self-mixing interference modulated by triangular wave current is researched. It studies theoretical model of the vibration system and uses Matlab for algorithms simulation and error analysis, also discusses how

15、 to minish the error. A data acquisition and processing system which adopts TMS320LF2407A DSP from TI as a central processor is designed. The designing and realization plan of system for hardware is proposed in detail, including DSP mini system, DSP and ADC interface circuit, signal conditioning cir

16、cuit, LCD display module and DSP interface circuit, RS232 communication circuit etc, technology on hardware designing is also discusssed in the dissertation. The designing and realizing process of system for software is analyzed as followed, which consists of application of CCS, planning of CMD docu

17、ment, data acquisition and processing module, LCD display module and serial communication module based on Matlab. Practice shows that this data acquisition and processing system can withstand stable operation, satisfy the demand of the high-speed alternating laser self-mixing interference signal and

18、 reconstructs the vibration waveform of detected objects. Because of the DSP technology, the cost of vibrometer greatly reduced and simplified structure, easy to carry. It also provides the conditions for the vibrometer which is based on laser self-mixing interference to small, intelligence, and por

19、table. It has a wide application prospect.Brief introduction of51MCUDescriptionThe AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory tech

20、nology and is compatible with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is

21、 a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.Function characteristicThe AT89C51 provides the following standard features: 4K bytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five vector two-le

22、vel interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89C51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, time

23、r/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset.Pin DescriptionVCC：Supply voltage.GND：Ground.Port 0：Port 0 is an 8-bit open-drain bi-directiona

24、l I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as highimpedance inputs.Port 0 may also be configured to be the multiplexed loworder address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode P0 has i

25、nternal pullups.Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming,and outputs the code bytes during programverification. External pullups are required during programverification.Port 1Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pullups.The Port 1 output buffers can sink/sourc

26、e four TTL inputs.When 1s are written to Port 1 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs,Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups.Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Fl

27、ash programming and verification.Port 2Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pullups.The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs.When 1s are written to Port 2 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs,Port 2 pins that are

28、externally being pulled low will source current, because of the internal pullups.Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that use 16-bit addresses. In this application, it uses strong internal pullupswhen emitti

29、ng 1s. During accesses to external data memory that use 8-bit addresses, Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register.Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification.Port 3Port 3 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port

30、with internal pullups.The Port 3 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs.When 1s are written to Port 3 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs,Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pullups.Port

31、3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89C51 as listed below:Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming and verification.RSTReset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device.ALE/PROGAddress Latch En

32、able output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash programming.In normal operation ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency, and may be used for external timing or clocki

33、ng purposes. Note, however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external Data Memory.If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly pulled high. Setti

34、ng the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in external execution mode.PSENProgram Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory.When the AT89C51 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activatio

35、ns are skipped during each access to external data memory.EA/VPPExternal Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH. Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally

36、latched on reset.EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions.This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage(VPP) during Flash programming, for parts that require12-volt VPP.XTAL1Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circ

37、uit.XTAL2Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.A semiconductor laser product introduction中国激光技术发展回顾与展望“激光”是“LASER”的翻译。激光最初是光的受激辐射等从组合的前缀具体条款，在我国已被翻译成“莱塞”，“激光灯，”和“光学放大受激发射。”1964，钱学森院士提出“激光”，不仅反映了“受激发射，“科学的内涵，而且它是一个非常强大的新的来源，适当的，生动性和简洁性，被中国科学界的共识并沿用至今。从1961中国第一台激光器，已成功开发出全国，激光科研，教学，生产和使用单位的共同

38、努力下，中国已经形成了完整的系列，先进水平，激光技术的应用范围广泛的领域，并取得令人鼓舞的进展，产业化的中国科技，在国防和国民经济做出了积极的贡献，在国际上也占有一席之地。 我国早期激光技术的发展 1957，王在长春绶，如中国第一个专业学院-中国科学院（长春）光学仪器精密机械研究所（“-”）。在老一辈专家的带领下，一批青年科技工作者将迅速增长，邓锡铭是其中的杰出代表。早在1958个美国物理学家汤斯小罗，在激光的原理是著名的论文发表后不久，他将积极推动这一新技术的研究进行了一个短的时间相结合的创新精神的中青年研究小组建议大量增加亮度的光源，色彩单位，连贯性的想法和实验节目。1960世界第一激光出

39、来。1961夏天，汪强的主持下，中国第一台红宝石激光器研制。在短短的几年，激光技术迅速发展，并产生了一批先进成果。各种类型的固体，气体，化学、半导体激光器已研制成功。在基础研究和关键技术，一系列新概念，新方法和新技术（如突变和腔q-to-q，行波放大，再利用系统，自由电子振荡辐射，等）已提出和实施，而且很多都是独特的。 同时，作为一个高亮度，high-directional，高品质，和其他高级功能的新光源，激光应用在各种技术领域迅速，表现出强大的生命力和竞争力。通讯，九月1964的电视画面传送的激光演示，在十一月达到19643至30公里的电话。在1965产业，可以成功地用于激光钻孔机的落料拉深

40、模具生产，取得显著的经济效益。医学，六月1965视网膜激光焊接和进行临床试验的动物。国防，于1965年十二月成功开发了激光测距仪的漫反射（精度10米/ 10公里），四月1966开发远程控制脉冲激光测速仪。随着激光自混合干涉技术理论研究的日趋成熟，它在振动、微小位移、速度等测量方面日益得到广泛应用该技术要求对激光干涉信号进行实时的采集和处理。传统测振仪器的数据采集与处理系统结构复杂，成本较高，不易携带。数字信号处理器（数字信号处理器）的运行速度快，运算精度高，适合激光自混合干涉信号的采集与处理本文研究了三角波电流调制型激光自混合干涉技术。分析了激光自混合干涉测振仪的理论模型中，并用进行了仿真和误

41、差分析，讨论了减小误差的方法。设计了以钛公司TMS 320 LF 2407数字信号处理器为核心的数据采集与处理系统。提出了系统的硬件设计和实现方案，其中包括了数字信号转换器最小系统、与接口电路、信号调理电路、液晶显示模块与数字接口电路、RS 232通信电路等。文中还就数字硬件设计方面的注意点进行了简要的探讨。完成了系统软件的设计，包括钛集成开发环境消委会的应用、指令中的文件的编写、数据采集与处理模块、液晶显示模块、基于的串口通信模块等实现了对激光自混合干涉信号的采集与预处理。经实验证明，该数据采集与处理系统能够稳定运行，满足高速交变激光自混合干涉信号的采集与预处理的要求，较好得重构出被测物体的

42、振动波形。由于采用了数字技术，使测振仪的成本大为降低，并且简化了结构，便于携带，为基于激光自混合干涉的测振仪向小型化，智能化，便携式提供了条件，具有广泛的应用前景。51单片机简介描述AT89C51是一个低电压，高性能CMOS8位单片机带有4K字节的可反复擦写的程序存储器（PENROM）。和128字节的存取数据存储器（RAM），这种器件采用ATMEL公司的高密度、不容易丢失存储技术生产，并且能够与MCS-51系列的单片机兼容。片内含有8位中央处理器和闪烁存储单元，有较强的功能的AT89C51单片机能够被应用到控制领域中。功能特性AT89C51提供以下的功能标准：4K字节闪烁存储器，128字节随机

43、存取数据存储器，32个I/O口，2个16位定时/计数器，1个5向量两级中断结构，1个串行通信口，片内震荡器和时钟电路。另外，AT89C51还可以进行0HZ的静态逻辑操作，并支持两种软件的节电模式。闲散方式停止中央处理器的工作，能够允许随机存取数据存储器、定时/计数器、串行通信口及中断系统继续工作。掉电方式保存随机存取数据存储器中的内容，但震荡器停止工作并禁止其它所有部件的工作直到下一个复位。引脚描述VCC：电源电压 GND：地P0口：P0口是一组8位漏极开路双向I/O口，即地址/数据总线复用口。作为输出口时，每一个管脚都能够驱动8个TTL电路。当“1”被写入P0口时，每个管脚都能够作为高阻抗输

44、入端。P0口还能够在访问外部数据存储器或程序存储器时，转换地址和数据总线复用，并在这时激活内部的上拉电阻。P0口在闪烁编程时，P0口接收指令，在程序校验时，输出指令，需要接电阻。P1口：P1口一个带内部上拉电阻的8位双向I/O口，P1的输出缓冲级可驱动4个TTL电路。对端口写“1”，通过内部的电阻把端口拉到高电平，此时可作为输入口。因为内部有电阻，某个引脚被外部信号拉低时输出一个电流。闪烁编程时和程序校验时，P1口接收低8位地址。P2口：P2口是一个内部带有上拉电阻的8位双向I/O口，P2的输出缓冲级可驱动4个TTL电路。对端口写“1”，通过内部的电阻把端口拉到高电平，此时，可作为输入口。因为

45、内部有电阻，某个引脚被外部信号拉低时会输出一个电流。在访问外部程序存储器或16位地址的外部数据存储器时，P2口送出高8位地址数据。在访问8位地址的外部数据存储器时，P2口线上的内容在整个运行期间不变。闪烁编程或校验时，P2口接收高位地址和其它控制信号。P3口：P3口是一组带有内部电阻的8位双向I/O口，P3口输出缓冲故可驱动4个TTL电路。对P3口写如“1”时，它们被内部电阻拉到高电平并可作为输入端时，被外部拉低的P3口将用电阻输出电流。P3口除了作为一般的I/O口外，更重要的用途是它的第二功能，如下表所示：端口引脚第二功能P3.0RXDP3.1TXDP3.2INT0P3.3INT1P3.4T

46、0P3.5T1P3.6WRP3.7RDP3口还接收一些用于闪烁存储器编程和程序校验的控制信号。RST：复位输入。当震荡器工作时，RET引脚出现两个机器周期以上的高电平将使单片机复位。ALE/：当访问外部程序存储器或数据存储器时，ALE输出脉冲用于锁存地址的低8位字节。即使不访问外部存储器，ALE以时钟震荡频率的1/16输出固定的正脉冲信号，因此它可对输出时钟或用于定时目的。要注意的是：每当访问外部数据存储器时将跳过一个ALE脉冲时，闪烁存储器编程时，这个引脚还用于输入编程脉冲。如果必要，可对特殊寄存器区中的8EH单元的D0位置禁止ALE操作。这个位置后只有一条MOVX和MOVC指令ALE才会被

47、应用。此外，这个引脚会微弱拉高，单片机执行外部程序时，应设置ALE无效。PSEN：程序储存允许输出是外部程序存储器的读选通信号，当AT89C51由外部程序存储器读取指令时，每个机器周期两次PSEN 有效，即输出两个脉冲。在此期间，当访问外部数据存储器时，这两次有效的PSEN 信号不出现。EA/VPP：外部访问允许。欲使中央处理器仅访问外部程序存储器，EA端必须保持低电平。需要注意的是：如果加密位LBI被编程，复位时内部会锁存EA端状态。如EA端为高电平，CPU则执行内部程序存储器中的指令。闪烁存储器编程时，该引脚加上+12V的编程允许电压VPP，当然这必须是该器件是使用12V编程电压VPP。X

48、TAL1：震荡器反相放大器及内部时钟发生器的输入端。XTAL2：震荡器反相放大器的输出端。一款半导体激光产品介绍660nm / 5mW-40mW / 单模 / 无制冷 K66S03F-0.005W-S K66S03F-0.02W-S K66S03F-0.04W-S北京凯普林光电的半导体激光器组件是使用专业的耦合技术制作 的高功率、高效率、高稳定性的产品。产品把芯片发出的光通过微光 学元器件汇聚到小芯径的光纤中输出。在此过程对每一重要工艺均进行检验与老化，以保证了产品可靠、稳定、长寿命。 在生产中，研究人员通过专业的技术和长期积累的经验不断进行 着产品工艺的改进，确保了产品的高性能。公司还持续地开发新的产品来满足顾客不断增加的需求。 顾客的利益一直被放在首位，为顾客提供高品质、高性价比的产品是公司一贯追求的目标。主要特性： 出纤功率5-40mW 光纤芯径4?m 0.13NA 波长660nm 用领域： 印刷 激光指示 使用说明 l 激光器工作时，避免激光照射眼睛和皮肤。 l 运输、储存、使用时必须采取防静电措施，运输和储存过程中引脚之间需连接短路线保护。 l 工作电流