采矿工程专业毕业设计外文文献翻译（中英文翻译）.doc

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1、外文原文：Adopt the crest of the coal work noodles plank management problem studyCrest the plank management is the point that adopts a safe management of the coal work noodles.Statistics according to the data, crest the plank trouble has 60% of the coal mine trouble about, adopting the trouble of the coa

2、l work noodles and having a crest 70% of the plank trouble above.Therefore, we have to strengthen a plank management, reducing to adopt the coal work noodles crest the occurrence of the plank trouble.1,the definition of the crest,scaleboard and it categorizeEndow with the existence coal seam on of t

3、he close by rock strata be called a plank, endow with the existence coal seam under of the close by rock strata be called scaleboard.Crest the rock,strength of the scaleboard and absorb water sex and digging to work the management of the noodles contain direct relation, they is certain crest the pla

4、nk protect a way and choose to adopt the empty area processing method of main basis. 1.1 planks categorizeAccording to rock,thickness and return to adopt process to fall in the 垮 of difficult easy degree, crest the plank is divided into the false crest,direct crest and old crest.According to direct

5、crest sport to adopt a field to the influence for press, the direct crest is divided into broken up,unsteady,medium etc. stability,stability,strong and tough crest plank etc. is five.According to old crest the sport Be work mineral inside the noodles press to present degree and to work safe threat o

6、f noodles of size, the old crest is is divided in to press very and severely, press mightiness, press to compare obviously, dont obviously press etc. is four. 1.2 scaleboards categorizeAccording to the opposite position relation of the rock strata and the coal seam, the scaleboard is divided into di

7、rect bottom with the old bottom.Locate coal seam directly under of the rock strata be called direct bottom;locate the direct bottom or coal seam under of the rock strata be called old bottom.The coal seam crest the scaleboard type expects the influence of the geology structure sport after be subject

8、ed to the deposition environment and, its growth in different region degree dissimilarity, the coal seam possibility for have isnt whole. 2,crest that need to be control plank classification and adopt the processing way of the empty areaAccording to different crest the plank type and property, choos

9、e to pay to protect a way and adopt the empty area processing method differently, is a plank management of basic principle. 2.1 crest needed to pull to make plank classificationPress a knothole rock strata strength, the crest plank that needs to be control can is divided into: general crest the plan

10、k,slowness descend to sink a plank and is whole fall the crest of the cave in the danger plank etc. 2.2 work noodles adopt the processing method of the empty areaThe processing method that adopts empty area mainly has: all 垮s fall a method,partial full to fill a method,the coal pillar to prop up a m

11、ethod to alleviate to descend to sink a method slowly etc. 3,crest the plank pressure present a characteristic 3.1 top the cover rock strata of the sport regulation and the work in front pay to accept pressure to distribute behindDuring the period of mine, adopt empty area above of the rock strata w

12、ill take place ambulation, according to crest the plank change mind condition, taking the cranny rock strata in up the cover rock strata follow the work noodles to push forward the direction demarcation as three areas: the coal wall prop up the influence area,leave layer area and re- press solid are

13、a.The noodles opens to slice an eye to go to push forward forward in the process from the work, break original should the equilibrium of the dint field, cause should the dint re- distribute.Be adopting the coal work noodles to become to pay to accept pressure in front and back, it concretely distrib

14、utes shape to have something to do with adopting the empty area processing method. 3.2 first times to press to press a main manifestation with the periodFirst time to press a main manifestation:BE a plankby oneself the vield song range enlargement;the coal wall transform and fall to fall(the slice h

15、elp);pay to protect to drill bottom etc.First time to press to want to keep on more and suddenly and generally for 2-3 days.Period to press a main manifestation:Main manifestation BE:crest the plank descend to sink nasty play increment of speed, crest the plank descend to sink quantity to become big

16、;pay what pillar be subjected to load widespread increment;adopt empty area to hang a crest;pay pillar to make a noise;cause the coal wall slice to help,pay pillar to damage,crest plank occurrence the step descend to sink etc.If pay the pillar parameter choice to be unsuited to a proper or single bo

17、dy to pay the pillar stability worse, may cause the partial crest or crest plank follow the work noodles to slice to fall etc. 4,crest the plank choice for protect The work noodles the function for protect decelerate a plank to descend to sink, supporting to control a crest to be apart from the knot

18、hole integrity inside the crest, assurance work space safety. 4.1 choices that protect material and formPay to protect material to mainly there are the metals support and the wood support.Pay to protect a form to mainly have a little the pillar to protect,the cote type protect to press a support wit

19、h liquid. 4.2s protect a specification choiceWhile choosing to pay to protect specification, mainly control the following 2:00:1.Control the work noodles adopt high and its variety.Generally can according to drill a hole the pillar form or have already dug the tunnel data of to make sure to adopt hi

20、gh.From last the movable regulation of the cover rock strata, can the initial assurance crest plank at biggest control a crest to be apart from place of average biggest descend to sink quantity, select to pay a pillar model number suitablely2 control the crest plank of the normal appearance to desce

21、nd to sink the quantity and support can the draw back quantity.Compute the biggest and high Hmax and minimum and high Hmin that pays pillar, select specification of pay the pillar.Comprehensive the pillar model number and specification, check related anticipate, assurance the model number of the pil

22、lar. 5,the work noodles manages everyday of pointEveryday crest the point of plank management is the with accuracy certain protects density and control a method, right arrangement and organize to adopt coal and control a crest to relate to in fixed time, strengthen to pay to protect the quality mana

23、gement before press, the assistance that chooses to use a good necessity protect etc., attain to expel to emit a trouble, assurance the purpose ofwith efficiency.1 choice that protects density and controls a methodAccording to the work noodles crest plank rock,adopt a periodic to press obvious degre

24、e, press strength and to press in front and back a crest knothole variety a circumstance etc., the certain protect density and control a method.It adopt coal in 2 production lines with control of the crest to relate to in fixed timePeriod to dont obviously press to adopt a field, emphasize to pay to

25、 protect,adopt coal, control a parallel homework, possibly contract to adopt coal,return to pillar to put distance between an operations with speed the work noodles propulsion degree;period to press more and obviously adopt a field, at to press in front and back adopt different of,control the relati

26、on organization project, before press should not adopt coal,put a crest in the meantime homework, press after should adopt to adopt coal,put a crest to keep minimum wrong be apart from parallel homework.Field to strengthen to pay to protect the quality management assurance to pay pillar to have to p

27、rop up dint,preventfrom paying pillar to drill bottom enough before press,right adoption the assistance protect.Adopt the coal work noodles crest, the plank manages everyday of the key lie in raising the spot management,the operation level, paying to protect and adapt to adopt a field to press and c

28、rest the scaleboard variety circumstance, adopt right of the assistance protect measure, well exertivecontrol a result.译文：采煤工作面的顶板管理问题探讨顶板管理是采煤工作面安全管理的重点。据资料统计，顶板事故约占煤矿事故的60%，采煤工作面的事故又占了顶板事故的70%以上。因此，我们必须加强顶板管理，减少采煤工作面顶板事故的发生。1、顶、底板的定义及其分类赋存在煤层之上的邻近岩层称为顶板，赋存在煤层之下的邻近岩层称为底板。顶底板的岩性、强度及吸水性与采掘工作面的管理有直接关系

29、，它们是确定顶板支护方式、选择采空区处理方法的主要依据。 1.1顶板分类根据岩性、厚度及回采过程中垮落的难易程度，顶板分为伪顶、直接顶和老顶。根据直接顶运动对采场来压的影响，直接顶分为破碎、不稳定、中等稳定、稳定、坚硬顶板等五类。根据老顶运动在工作面内矿压显现程度和对工作面安全威胁的大小，老顶分为来压极强烈、来压强烈、来压较明显、来压不明显等四类。 1.2底板分类根据岩层与煤层的相对位置关系，底板分为直接底和老底。直接位于煤层之下的岩层称为直接底;位于直接底或煤层之下的岩层称为老底。煤层顶底板类型受沉积环境及后期地质构造运动的影响，不同地区其发育程度不同，有的煤层可能会不全。 2、需要控制的顶

30、板分类及采空区的处理办法根据不同的顶板类型和性质，选择不同的支护方式和采空区处理方法，是顶板管理的基本原则。 2.1需要拉制的顶板分类按顶板的岩层强度，需要控制的顶板可分为:一般性顶板、缓慢下沉顶板、有整体塌垮危险的顶板等。 2.2工作面采空区的处理方法采空区的处理方法主要有:全部垮落法、局部充填法、煤柱支撑法和缓慢下沉法等。 3、顶板压力显现特征 3.1上覆岩层的运动规律及工作面前后支承压力分布在开采过程中，采空区上方的岩层会发生移动，根据顶板位移情况，将裂隙带岩层中上覆岩层沿工作面推进方向划分为三个区:煤壁支撑影响区、离层区、重新压实区。从工作面开切眼到向前推进过程中，破坏了原有应力场的平

31、衡状态，引起应力的重新分布。在采煤工作面的前后形成支承压力，其具体分布形状与采空区处理方法有关。 3.2初次来压和周期来压主要表现形式初次来压主要表现形式：是顶板“自行挠曲”幅度加大;煤壁的变形与塌落(片帮);支护钻底等。初次来压比较突然，一般要持续2-3天。周期来压主要表现形式：主要表现形式是:顶板下沉速度急剧增加，顶板下沉量变大;支柱所受的承载普遍增加;采空区悬顶;支柱发出声响;引起煤壁片帮、支柱折损、顶板发生台阶下沉等。如果支柱参数选择不合适或单体支柱稳定性较差，可能导致局部昌顶或顶板沿工作面切落等事故。 4、顶板支护的选择 工作面支护的作用是减缓顶板下沉，维护控顶距内顶板的完整性，保证

32、工作空间安全。 4.1支护材料和形式的选择支护材料主要有金属支架和木支架。支护形式主要有点柱支护、棚式支护和液压支架。 4.2支护规格选择在选择支护规格时，主要掌握以下两点:1.掌握工作面的采高及其变化。一般可以根据钻孔柱状或已掘出的巷道资料来确定采高。从上覆岩层的活动规律，可初步确定顶板在最大控顶距处的平均最大下沉量，选出合适的支柱型号2掌握正常状态的顶板下沉量和支架的可缩量。计算出支柱的最大高度Hmax与最小高度Hmin，选出支柱的规格.综合支柱型号和规格，查相关料，确定支柱的型号。 5、工作面日常管理的重点日常顶板管理的重点是正确地确定支护密度、控顶方式，正确安排和组织采煤、控顶的定时关

33、系，来压前加强支护质量管理，选用好必要的辅助性支护等，达到排除冒顶事故，保证效率的目的。1支护密度和控顶方式的选择根据工作面顶板岩性、采场周期性来压明显程度、来压强度以及来压前后顶板的变化情况等，来确定支护密度和控顶方式。2生产过程中采煤与控顶之间的定时关系周期来压不明显的采场，强调支护、采煤，控顶平行作业，尽可能缩小采煤、回柱放顶操作间的距离，以加快工作面推进度;周期来压较明显的采场，在来压前后采取不同的时、控关系组织方案，来压前不宜采煤、放顶同时作业，来压后应当采用采煤、放顶保持最小错距平行作业。场来压前，加强支护质量管理保证支柱有足够的支撑力、防止支柱钻底、正确采用辅助性支护。采煤工作面顶板日常管理的关键在于提高现场管理、操作水平，支护要适应采场来压及顶底板变化情况，采取正确的辅助性支护措施，充分发挥控顶效果。忽略此处. . .此处忽略！