锅炉的计算机控制外文翻译外文文献英文文献.doc

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1、英文翻译Boiler computer controlBoiler computer control： The boiler micro computer control, is a new technology which the recent years developed, it was the microcomputer soft, the hardware, the automatic control, the boiler energy conservation and soon several technical in close integration with product

2、, our country existing center, small boiler more than 300,000, the coal consumption accounted for our country raw coal output every year 1/3, at present the majority industry boiler still was at the energy consumption to be high, to waste, the environmental pollution in a big way and so on the serio

3、us production condition. Enhances the thermal efficiency, reduces the coal consumption, carries on the control with the microcomputer is has the profound significance the work. As the boiler control device, its primary mission is guaranteed the boiler the security, is stable, the economical movement

4、, reduces operators labor intensity. Uses the micro computer control, can carry on the process to the boiler the automatic detection, the automatic control and so on many functions. The boiler microcomputer control system, generally is composed by the below several parts, namely by the boiler main b

5、ody, a measuring appliance, the microcomputer, the hand automatic cut over operation, the implementing agency and the valve, the slippery difference electrical machinery and so on partially is composed, a measuring appliance the boiler temperature, the pressure, the current capacity, the oxygen quan

6、tity, the rotational speed isometric transforms the voltage, the electric current and so on sends in the microcomputer, the hand automatic cut over operation part, manual when by the operator hand control, controls the slippery difference electrical machinery and the valve with the manipulator and s

7、o on, is automatic when sends out the control signal to the microcomputer partially to carry on the automatic operation after the execution. The microcomputer carries on the monitor to the entire boiler movement, reports to the police, the control guaranteed the boiler is normal, reliably moves, exc

8、ept for this for guaranteed the boiler movement these curity, when carries on the microcomputer system design, to the boiler water level, the boiler dome pressure and so on the important parameter should establish the conventional measuring appliance and the alarm device, guaranteed the water level

9、and the dome pressure have the dual even tertiary alarm device, this is essential, in order to avoid the boiler has the significant accident. Control system: The boiler is a more complex controlled member, it not only adjustment quantity many, moreover between various types and quantities mutually r

10、elates, mutually affects, mutually restricts, boiler interior energy conversion mechanism quite complex, therefore must establish a more ideal mathematical model to the boiler quite to be difficult. Therefore, has made the boiler system simplification processing, decomposes is three relatively indep

11、endent governing systems. Certainly also may subdivide other system like amount of wind control loops in certain systems, but it mainly is following three parts: (1) the chamber negative pressure (2) the boiler combustion process has three duties for the main tuning quantity special burning regulato

12、r system: To coal control, to wind control, chamber negative pressure control. The maintenance coal gas and the air proportion cause the air too much coefficient about 1.08, the combustion process efficiency, the maintenance chamber negative pressure, therefore the boiler combustion process automati

13、c control is a complex question. As for 36.5t/h the boiler burning diffuses the blast furnace coal gas, the request is the blast furnace coal gas which maximum limit uses diffuses, therefore may most greatly strive according to the boiler to move, does not make the strict request to the steam pressu

14、re; The burning efficiency does not make a higher request. Such boiler combustion process automatic control simplifies as the chamber negative pressure primarily parameter decides the coal gas flow control. (3) the chamber negative pressure Pf size is directed the amount of wind, the drum amount of

15、wind and the coal spirit (pressure)three influences. The chamber negative pressure too is small, the chamber and outside divulges the blast furnace coal gas to the outside to riching, endangers the equipment and the movement personnels security. The negative pressure too is big, the chamber leaks th

16、e amount of wind to increase, discharges fume the loss to increase, drawing fan electricity consumes the increase. Tried to find out according to the many years man-power manual regulation that, 6.5t/hboiler Pf=100Pa carries on the design. The adjustment method is the original state first by the man

17、ual regulation air and the coal gas proportion, achieved the ideal burning condition, all opens when the drawing fan achieved chamber negative pressure 100Pa, after the investment is automatic, only adjusts the coal gas reed valve, enable under the fluctuation of pressure the blast furnace coal gas

18、current capacity to tend to the original state coal gas current capacity, maintains in burning the blast furnace coal gas and the air proportion achieves the optimum condition.Boiler water-level control unit ：The steam drum water level is affects the boiler safe operation the important parameter, th

19、e water level excessively high, can destroy the soft drink disengaging gear the normal work, is serious when can cause the steam including water to increase, increases on the pipe wall the scaling and the influence steam quality. Water level excessively low, then can destroy the water cycle, causes

20、Water Wall bursting, is serious when can create does the pot, damages the steam drum. Therefore its value has outdone lowly all possibly creates the significant accident. It is adjusted the quantity is the steam drum water level, but adjusts the quantity is for the water current capacity, through to

21、 gives the water current capacity the adjustment, enables the steam drum interior the material to achieve the dynamical equilibrium, changes in the permission scope, because the boiler steam drum water level assumes the positive character isticto the vapor current capacity and for the fluent quantit

22、y changer But when load (vapor current capacity) sharp growth, the performance actually is Counter response characteristic Namely so-called False water level Creates this reason is because time load increase, causes the dome pressure to drop, causes the steam drum boiling temperature to drop, the wa

23、ter ebullition suddenly intensifies, forms the massive steam bubbles, but makes the water level to raise. The steam drum water monitor system, in the essence is maintains the boiler turnover water volume balance the system. It is by the water level took the water volume balance or not control target

24、, through adjusts the water volume how many to achieve the turnover balance, maintains the steam drum water level in the soft drink separation contact surface biggest steam drum nearby the position line, enhances the boiler the vaporization efficiency, the guarantee production safety. Because the bo

25、iler water level system is equipped with Since the balance the ability to control the object, in the movement has the false water level phenomenon, in the practical application may use the water level single impulse, the water level steam quantity double weight and the water level, the steam quantit

26、y according to the situation, gives the water volume three impulses the control systems. Eliminates the oxygen pressure and the water-level control: Partially eliminates the oxygen to use the single impulse control plan, single return route PID adjustment.Monitoring management system management syst

27、em: Above the control system generally completes the control by PLC or other hardware systems below, but must complete the function in on position computer: Real-time accurately examines the boiler the movement parameter: For comprehensively grasps the overall system the movement operating mode, the

28、 supervisory system the real-time monitor and the gathering boiler related craft parameter, the electrical parameter, as well as the equipment running status and so on. The system has the rich graph storehouse, through the configuration may the boiler equipment graph together with the related moveme

29、nt parameter demonstration in the picture; In addition, but also can tabulate the parameter or form and so on grouping demonstrates. The generalized analysis promptly sends out the control command: The supervisory system basis monitors the boiler performance data, according to the control strategy w

30、hich establishes, sends out the control command, adjusts the boiler system equipment the movement, thus guaranteed the boiler is highly effective, the reliable movement.(1) diagnoses the breakdown with to report to the police the management: The host controls the center to be allowed to demonstrate,

31、 the management, the transmission boiler movement each kind of alarm, thus causes boiler safe explosion-proof, the safe operation rank big enhancement. At the same time, to the records management which reports to the police may cause the owner regarding boiler movement each kind of question, weaknes

32、s and so on to know from A to Z. In order to guarantee the boiler systematic security, reliably moves, the supervisory system will act according to the parameter which will monitor to carry on the breakdown diagnosis, once will break down, the supervisory system promptly on the operator screen the v

33、isual display alarm spot. Reports to the police the correlation demonstration function to cause the user definition the demonstration picture to relate with each spot, like this, when reports to the police occurs, the operator may immediately visit should report to the police the emergency procedure

34、s which detailed information and defers to recommends adopts to carry on processing. (2) historic record movement parameter: The supervisory system real-time database will maintain the boiler movement parameter the historic record, moreover supervisory system also. Is equipped with special reports t

35、o the police the event diary, with records reports to the police/the event information and operators change The historic record data basis operators request, the system may demonstrate is the spurt value, also may for some period of time in mean value. The historic record data may have the many kind

36、s of display mode, for example display mode and so on curve, specific graph, report form; In addition the historic record data also may by apply take the network as the foundation many kinds of application software. (3) calculates the movement parameter: The boiler movement certain movement paramete

37、rs cannot directly survey ,like the year movement load, the steam consumption, make up the water volume, the condensed water returns to the quantity, the equipment accumulation running time and so on. The supervisory system has provided the rich standard processing algorithm, according to movement p

38、arameter which obtains, Derived quantity calculates these. 译文: 锅炉的计算机控制锅炉的计算机控制： 锅炉微计算机控制，是近年来开发的一项新技术，它是微型计算机软、硬件、自动控制、锅炉节能等几项技术紧密结合的产物，我国现有中、小型锅炉30多万台，每年耗煤量占我国原煤产量的1/3，目前大多数工业锅炉仍处于能耗高、浪费大、环境污染等严重的生产状态。提高热效率，降低耗煤量，用微机进行控制是一件具有深远意义的工作。作为锅炉控制装置，其主要任务是保证锅炉的安全、稳定、经济运行，减轻操作人员的劳动强度。采用微计算机控制，能对锅炉进行过程的自动检测

39、、自动控制等多项功能。锅炉微机控制系统，一般由以下几部分组成，即由锅炉本体、一次仪表、微机、手自动切换操作、执行机构及阀、滑差电机等部分组成，一次仪表将锅炉的温度、压力、流量、氧量、转速等量转换成电压、电流等送入微机，手自动切换操作部分，手动时由操作人员手动控制，用操作器控制滑差电机及阀等，自动时对微机发出控制信号经执行部分进行自动操作。微机对整个锅炉的运行进行监测、报警、控制以保证锅炉正常、可靠地运行，除此以外为保证锅炉运行的安全，在进行微机系统设计时，对锅炉水位、锅炉汽包压力等重要参数应设置常规仪表及报警装置，以保证水位和汽包压力有双重甚至三重报警装置，这是必不可少的，以免锅炉发生重大事故

40、。 控制系统： 锅炉是一个较为复杂的调节对象，它不仅调节量多，而且各种量之间相互联系，相互影响，相互制约，锅炉内部的能量转换机理比较复杂，所以要对锅炉建立一个较为理想的数学模型比较困难。为此，把锅炉系统作了简化处理，化分为三个相对独立的调节系统。 当然在某些系统中还可以细分出其它系统如一次风量控制回路，但是其主要是以下三个部分：（1）炉膛负压为主调量的特殊燃烧自动调节系统（2）锅炉燃烧过程有三个任务：给煤控制，给风控制，炉膛负压控制。保持煤气与空气比例使空气过剩系数在1.08左右、燃烧过程的经济性、维持炉膛负压，所以锅炉燃烧过程的自动调节是一个复杂的问题。对于36.5t/h锅炉来说燃烧放散高炉

41、煤气，要求是最大限度地利用放散的高炉煤气，故可按锅炉的最大出力运行，对蒸汽压力不做严格要求；燃烧的经济性也不做较高的要求。这样锅炉燃烧过程的自动调节简化为炉膛负压为主参数的定煤气流量调节。（3）炉膛负压Pf的大小受引风量、鼓风量与煤气量（压力）三者的影响。炉膛负压太小，炉膛向外喷火和外泄漏高炉煤气，危及设备与运行人员的安全。负压太大，炉膛漏风量增加，排烟损失增加，引风机电耗增加。根据多年的人工手动调节摸索，6.5t/h锅炉的Pf=100Pa来进行设计。调节方法是初始状态先由人工调节空气与煤气比例，达到理想的燃烧状态，在引风机全开时达到炉膛负压100Pa，投入自动后，只调节煤气蝶阀，使压力波动下

42、的高炉煤气流量趋于初始状态的煤气流量，来保持燃烧中高炉煤气与空气比例达到最佳状态。 锅炉水位调节单元： 汽包水位是影响锅炉安全运行的重要参数，水位过高，会破坏汽水分离装置的正常工作，严重时会导致蒸汽带水增多，增加在管壁上的结垢和影响蒸汽质量。水位过低，则会破坏水循环，引起水冷壁管的破裂，严重时会造成干锅，损坏汽包。所以其值过高过低都可能造成重大事故。它的被调量是汽包水位，而调节量则是给水流量，通过对给水流量的调节, 使汽包内部的物料达到动态平衡，变化在允许范围之内，由于锅炉汽包水位对蒸气流量和给水流量变化的响应呈积极特性。但是在负荷(蒸气流量)急剧增加时，表现却为逆响应特性，即所谓的虚假水位，

43、造成这一原因是由于负荷增加时，导致汽包压力下降，使汽包内水的沸点温度下降，水的沸腾突然加剧，形成大量汽泡，而使水位抬高。 汽包水位控制系统，实质上是维持锅炉进出水量平衡的系统。它是以水位作为水量平衡与否的控制指标，通过调整进水量的多少来达到进出平衡，将汽包水位维持在汽水分离界面最大的汽包中位线附近，以提高锅炉的蒸发效率，保证生产安全。由于锅炉水位系统是一个设有自平衡能力的被控对象，运行中存在虚假水位现象，实际应用中可根据情况采用水位单冲量、水位蒸汽量双重量和水位、蒸汽量、给水量三冲量的控制系统。 除氧器压力和水位调节：除氧器部分均采用单冲量控制方案，单回路的PID调节。 监控管理系统： 以上控

44、制系统一般由PLC或其它硬件系统完成控制，而在上位计算机中要完成以下功能： 实时准确检测锅炉的运行参数：为全面 掌握整个系统的运行工况，监控系统将实时监测并采集锅炉有关的工艺参数、电气参数、以及设备的运行状态等。系统具有丰富的图形库，通过组态可将锅炉的设备图形连同相关的运行参数显示在画面上；除此之外，还能将参数以列表或分组等形式显示出来。 综合分析及时发出控制指令：监控系统根据监测到的锅炉运行数据，按照设定好的控制策略，发出控制指令，调节锅炉系统设备的运行，从而保证锅炉高效、可靠运行。 （1）诊断故障与报警管理：主控中 心可以显示、管理、传送锅炉运行的各种报警信号，从而使锅炉的安全防爆、安全运

45、行等级大大的提高。同时，对报警的档案管理可使业主对于锅炉运行的各种问题、弱点等了如指掌。为保证 锅炉系统安全、可靠地运行，监控系统将根据所监测的参数进行故障诊断，一旦发生故障，监控系统将及时在操作员屏幕上显示报警点。报警相关的显示功能使用户定义的显示画面与每个点联系起来，这样，当报警发生时，操作员可立即访问该报警点的详细信息和按照所推荐采取的应急措施进行处理。（2）历史记录运行参数：监控系统的实时数据库将维护锅炉运行参数的历史记录，另外监控系统还。设有专门的报警事件日志，用以记录报警事件信息和操作员的变化等。历史记录的数据根据操作人员的要求，系统可以显示为瞬时值，也可以为某一段时间内的平均值。历史记录的数据可有多种显示方式，例如曲线、特定图形、报表等显示方式；此外历史记录的数据还可以由以网络为基础的多种应用软件所应用。（3）计算运行参数：锅炉运行的某些运行参数不能够直接测量，如年运行负荷量、蒸汽耗量、补水量、冷凝水返回量、设备的累积运行时间等。监控系统提供了丰富的标准处理算法，根据所测得的运行参数，将这些导出量计算出来。. .此处忽略！