高考英语二轮语法精品复习课件.ppt

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1、2011年高三英语二轮总复习语法年高三英语二轮总复习语法精品课件精品课件（205张）高中英语中名词一、名词的概述：名词是用来表示人、事物、地点、现象及其它抽象概念等名称的词。二、名词的分类：1.1.专有名词：专有名词：指一个人或事物所特有的名称。如具体的人物、指一个人或事物所特有的名称。如具体的人物、地点、国家的名称等，不能随意更改，其中实词地点、国家的名称等，不能随意更改，其中实词的第一个字母必须大写。如：的第一个字母必须大写。如：Asia,Asia,MrMr Brown,Chinese,Christmas,Brown,Chinese,Christmas,Harry PotterHarry

2、Potter,Mum,Mum2.2.普通名词：普通名词：指某类人或事物的名称或者指某种抽象概念。指某类人或事物的名称或者指某种抽象概念。普普通名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。通名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。三、名词的数:1.1.可数名词的数可数名词的数:(1)(1)规则变化规则变化:desk desks,glassglasses,:desk desks,glassglasses,factoryfactories,knifeknivesfactoryfactories,knifeknives (2)(2)不规则变化：不规则变化：man men,child children,man men,ch

3、ild children,sheep sheep sheepsheep (3)(3)复合名词的数：复合名词的数：father-in-law -(fathers-in-father-in-law -(fathers-in-law)law)grown-up-(grown-ups)grown-up-(grown-ups)woman driver-(women drivers)woman driver-(women drivers)2.不可数名词的数：(1)数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词 a drop of water,two cups of tea (2)物质名词的复数表示类别或数量 fish鱼

4、 fishes 多种鱼 two coffees 两杯咖啡3.名词单、复数的特殊用法：（1）只用复数的名词:socks,scissors,trousers earnings,surroundings,greetings tears,wishes,thanks（2）只用复数的名词词组：take turns,as follows,in high spirits（3）在短语中单、复数均可的名词:单、复数意义相同:make a face/make facesplay a joke/jokes on somebodyhave a talk/have talks with somebody单、复数意义不同:

5、have a word with somebodyhave words with somebody四、名词所有格概述：所有格表示所有关系，修饰另一名 词，作定语。形式：由名词词尾加s构成,多用来表示有生 命的东西.如:Mikes pen,the boys mother 由介词of+名词构成,多用来表示无生命的东西.如:the name of the book 名词所有格的几个要点：1.1.表示两者或两者以上共同所有表示两者或两者以上共同所有,把把 s s 加在最后的名加在最后的名词上。词上。如：如：Lucy and Lilys friend Lucy and Lilys friend 露西和莉

6、莉共同的朋友露西和莉莉共同的朋友 Tom and Jacks room Tom and Jacks room 汤姆和杰克合用的房间汤姆和杰克合用的房间2.2.表示各自拥有某件东西时表示各自拥有某件东西时,每个名词都要用所有格每个名词都要用所有格形式。形式。如：如：Lucys and Lilys friendsLucys and Lilys friends露西的朋友和莉莉的露西的朋友和莉莉的朋友朋友 Toms and Jacks rooms Toms and Jacks rooms 汤姆的房间和杰克的汤姆的房间和杰克的房间房间3.3.名词有同位语时名词有同位语时,把把 s s加在同位语的词尾。加

7、在同位语的词尾。如：如：Have you seen my sister,Kates bicycle?Have you seen my sister,Kates bicycle?I bought this book at Smith,the booksellers.I bought this book at Smith,the booksellers.4.4.双重所有格双重所有格 （of+s of+s 所有格）所有格）如：如：a friend of her mothers a friend of her mothers 他妈妈朋友中的一位他妈妈朋友中的一位 a friend of her mot

8、her a friend of her mother 他妈妈的一位朋友他妈妈的一位朋友 a picture of his brothers a picture of his brothers 他弟弟照片中的一张，他弟弟照片中的一张，不一定是他本人不一定是他本人 a picture of his brother a picture of his brother 他弟弟本人的一张照片他弟弟本人的一张照片五、名词在句中的作用 名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语/主语补足语、定语、状语、同位语和呼语等。1.作主语 The bag is mine.2.作表语 This is an apple.

9、3.作宾语 Would you like some coffee?4.作补语 We made him monitor of our class.5.作定语 We will meet at the school gate.6.作状语 The new film will last two hours.7.作同位语 Mr Wang,our headmaster gave us a talk yesterday.8.作呼语 Boys and girls,look at the blackboard.1)We reached the top of the mountain after two hours

10、 climbing,_ and out of breath.A.Tiring B.being tired C.tired D.to be tired.2)At seven oclock,coffee was made and the pot was hot on the back of the stove,_ and _ to make dinner.Chotready1.形容词或词组可做状语使用，可放在句首，形容词或词组可做状语使用，可放在句首，句中或句尾。句中或句尾。考点重难点解读考点重难点解读2.形容词的位置：形容词的位置：“限定描绘大长高，限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；形状年龄和新老

11、；颜颜色国籍跟材料，色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠作用类别往后靠”限定词限定词+数量形容词数量形容词(序数词在前，基数词在序数词在前，基数词在后后)+描绘形容词描绘形容词+大小、长短、高低大小、长短、高低+形状形状+新旧新旧+颜色颜色+国籍国籍+材料材料all half his income Tony is going camping with _ boys.A.little two other B.two little other C.two other little D.little other twoCthose three beautiful large square old brown

12、 wood tables3.某些以某些以a-开首的形容词例如：开首的形容词例如：afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake,alive等只能等只能作表语作表语,不能作定语。不能作定语。这类形容词一般不用这类形容词一般不用very修饰修饰,如：如：muchafraid,fast/soundasleep,wideawakebewellworth4.形容词变副词通常是加形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律其变化有规律可循可循,请记住以下口诀：请记住以下口诀：一般直接加，一般直接加，“元元e”去去e加，加，“辅辅y”改改i加，加，“le”结尾结尾e改改y。分别举例如下：分别举例如

13、下：quickquickly,truetruly,happyhappily,possiblepossibly.friendly，lively，lonely，likely，deadly，orderly,timely,daily,yearly,monthly,brotherly,motherly 等。等。某些以某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：5.同根副词同根副词1)close closely2)free freely 3)hard hardly4)late lately 5)most mostly 6)wide widely7)high highly 8)dee

14、p deeply1）.It was raining heavily.Little Mary felt cold,so she stood _ to her mother.A.close B.closely C.closedB.D.closing2).We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining_.A.hard B.hardly C.strongly D.heavy AA1)Lizzie was_ to see her friend off at the airport.A.a little more than sad

15、B.more than a little sadC.sad more than a little D.a little more than sadB6.倍数的考查倍数的考查1）Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.(height/length/width)2）AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.3)Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.Thelengthoftheroadisfourtimeswhatitwasthreeyearsago.7.表示形容词比较级的句

16、型：表示形容词比较级的句型：用用much,even,still,abit,alittle,agreatdeal,far,byfar等副词修饰形容词比较级；等副词修饰形容词比较级；“Themore.themore.”Theharderheworks,thehappierhefeels.比较级与否定连用表示最高级比较级与否定连用表示最高级Icouldneverseeabetterhotel.1）.Marysbiologyis_than_intheclass.A.alotofbetter;anyoneelsesB.farbetter;anyoneselsesC.muchbetter;anyoneel

17、seD.alotbetter;anyoneelses2)Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds,and I have not seen _ this year.（05浙江卷）浙江卷）Athe best Bbetter Cthe most Dmore BD8.cant/cannevertoo/toomuch/enough句型表示句型表示“无论无论都不过分；越都不过分；越越好越好”他如此伟大，我们无论怎样赞扬都不过分。他如此伟大，我们无论怎样赞扬都不过分。Heissuchagreatmanthatwecantpraisehimtoomuch.既然是好事，越早开

18、始做越好。既然是好事，越早开始做越好。Sinceitsagoodthing,wecantdoittoosoon.你做作业的时候，越仔细越好。你做作业的时候，越仔细越好。Whileyouaredoingyourhomework,youcantbecarefulenough.1)MustIturnoffthegasaftercooking?Ofcourse.Youcanneverbe_carefulwiththat.(05江西卷江西卷)AenoughBtoo CsoDvery2）-Heis_abraveman.-Wecantadmirehiscourage_.A.actually;verymuch

19、B.indeed;tooalotC.really;toomuchD.truly;abitBC 代代 词词考什么考什么?考点考点1 it,one,the one,that,those的考点的考点考点考点2either,both,neither,any,all和和none的考查的考查 考点考点3another,theother,others,theothers,的用法辨析的用法辨析 考点考点4notalittle和和notabit的考查。的考查。考点考点5 简略答语中的替代简略答语中的替代考点考点6 改错改错中中代词的代词的考查考查考点考点1 it,one,the one,that,those的考

20、点的考点1.it 指代前文出现过的某一名词，且就是指代前文出现过的某一名词，且就是同同一东西一东西。2.one也指代前面出现过的名词，但它只表也指代前面出现过的名词，但它只表示示同类同类东西中东西中泛指泛指的一个（即除了这个以外的一个（即除了这个以外还有其它的）。还有其它的）。one=a/an+名词。名词。There was only one carpet left in that shop that day,so I had no choice but to buy_.考点突破考点突破Itisaworldofmagicandwonders,_whereanythingcanhappen.it

21、one4.that常用来指代前面出现过的常用来指代前面出现过的不可数名词不可数名词 3.the one指代前面出现过的名词时，表示指代前面出现过的名词时，表示同类同类事物中事物中特指特指的某一个。的某一个。Idontwantthistowel.Giveme_ontheleft.Theweatherhereiscolderthan_inShanghai.that也可指代也可指代可数名词可数名词，但，但that须带须带后置定后置定语语，且限制的范围内只可能有一个东西，且限制的范围内只可能有一个东西 Themonitorofmycomputerisbetterthanthatofourmonitor

22、s.the onethat5.those 指代可数指代可数名词复数名词复数,指一个范围内指一个范围内所有的人或物。所有的人或物。Thematerialsofferedbythatconstructioncorporationareofhigherqualitythanthoseofferedbythissmallbuildingfirm.考点考点2:either,both,neither,any,all和和none1.两个中任意一个用两个中任意一个用either；“两个都两个都”用用both;两个中任何一个两个中任何一个“都不都不”,用用neither。Thereiscoffeeandtea;

23、youcanhave_.Thanks.A.eitherB.eachC.one D.itIsawastreamwithredflowersandgreengrasson_/_sideofit.eithereach Which driver was to blame?Why._!It was the childs fault,clear and simple.He suddenly came out between two parked cars.A.both B.each C.either D.neither2.三个或三个以上中任意一个用三个或三个以上中任意一个用any；“三三个或三个以上都个或

24、三个以上都”用用all；三个或三个以上中；三个或三个以上中任意一个任意一个“都不都不”,用用none。1.Ihadtobuy_thesebooksbecauseIdidntknowwhichonewasthebest(04上海上海)A.bothB.none C.neitherD.all2.Wehadthreesetsofgardentoolsandweseemedtohavenousefor_.(04浙江浙江)A.none B.either C.any D.each3.-Howmanyelephantsdidyousee?-_.A.NoneB.NooneC.NotmanyonesD.Nothi

25、ng3.both和和all前加前加not或谓语部分否定时，或谓语部分否定时，属部属部分否定句分否定句;若表示若表示全部否定全部否定,要用要用neither和和none。Notbothofthetwinsistersareclever.=Bothofthetwinsistersarenotclever.Notallofuswanttogo.=Allofusdontwanttogo.Neitherofthetwinsistersisclever.1.Ihavetwopens.Oneisred,_isgreen.2.Thispairofglovesdoesntfitmewell.Canyoushow

26、me_pair?3.Thecolourofthesetrousersdoesntsuitme.Showmesome_,please.4.Tosomelifeisapleasure,whileto_itissuffering.5.Forsomereasontheyoungcouplefrequentlyquarrelwith_.theotheranotherothersothers考点考点3another,theother,others,theotherseachothernotalittle修饰形容词或副词时，相当于修饰形容词或副词时，相当于very，修饰动词或指代不可数名词时相当于，修饰动词

27、或指代不可数名词时相当于much;notalittle=much,而而notabit=notatall。Areyouhungry?Notalittle.(=veryhungry.)IfeelasifIcouldeatanoxnow.Wereyoutiredwhenyouclimbedtothetopofthehill?Notabit,becausewewereinhighspirits.考点考点4notalittle和和notabit的考查。的考查。1.在在Imafraid,Ibelieve,Ithink,Ihope等等之后的之后的not等于一个否定的从句；等于一个否定的从句；so等于一等于一

28、个肯定句。个肯定句。(1)Shemustbebusynow.-Ithinkso,shecantgowithus.(2)Isshefeelingbettertoday?-Imafraidnot.(3)Doyouthinkhewillattendthemeeting?-Iguessnot./Ihopenot考点考点5 简略答语中的替代简略答语中的替代否定句中既可以用否定句中既可以用not,又可以用又可以用so的动词有的动词有b,e,s,t+imagine,既既believe,expect,suppose,think,imagine.例如例如:-IshegoingtoflytoAmerica?-No

29、,Idontthinkso.=No,Ithinknot.这种用法常见的有：这种用法常见的有：Why so?Is that so?I hope so.否定句中用否定句中用not的有的有:Im afraid not./I hope not./I guess not.1.Ijustsmiledtomeandthought，“WhatcanIdo?_2.Onthefirstdayofcamp,youcameuptomyselfwhileIwassittingalone._3.Thementhrewawaymostofhisclothestosavethemselves._4.InourGreeceun

30、it,wehavebeenlearningaboutitsrichcultureandlonghistory._ 5.Wehavelearnedalotfromthetextbook,butIbelieveyoupersonalexperiencewillbealotbetter._ myselfmetheiritsyour考点考点6 改错改错中中代词的考查代词的考查6.SurelyImexpectinglotsofsightseeingtours,partiesandanotherexcitingthings.7.Yes,itisclearthatyourlifeinyourcountryi

31、squitedifferentfromme.8.Youmaykeepthebooksforseveralweekssothatyoucanhaveenoughtimetofinishit._9.BeforeIcouldanswerhim,hecontinuedtoaskmethenameofthefishonanotheroneplate._10.JustatthattimeIwokeupandfoundmestillinbed!_otherminethemonemyself1.-Idislike_whenotherslaughatmeinpublicorspeakillofmebehind.

32、-SodoI.A.themB.thoseC.itD.that2.-ShallIhelpyou,sir?-Iappreciate_ifyoudomethefavortopacktheluggage.A./B.thatC.youD.it?it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况 1.-Hewasnearlydrownedonce.-Whenwas_?-Itwasin1998_hewasinmiddleschool.A.that;whenB.this;thisC.this;itD.that;that2.Itistheabilitytodothejob_mattersnotwher

33、eyoucomefromorwhatyouareAoneBthatCwhatDit3.Itwasnotuntil1920_regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since强强调调句句式式1.IdontknowwhetherIshouldgoabroadornot,Mum.Ileave_toyourownjudgmentwhetheryoushoulddoit.A.thatB.itC.hisD.what2._iswellknown_HongKongreturnedtoChinaonJuly1st,1997.A.It,thatB.As,

34、/C.As,asD.It,whichIt作形式主语或形式宾语作形式主语或形式宾语1.Whatwasthepartylike？Wonderful！Itsbeenyears_Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch2.Itwillbe3years_wemeetagain.3.Itwillbemidnight_theygetthere.A.afterB.whenC.beforeD.sinceDCBIt+be+段时间段时间+since-clauseIt+be+段时间段时间+before-clauseIt+be+时间点时间点+when-clause 1.Itis（high）timethatwe_tosc

35、hool.A.goB.wentC.havebeenD.havegone2.Itisthesecondtimethatwe_toBeijing.A.goB.wentC.havebeenD.havegone3.Itsnogood_suchathing.A.doB.todoC.doingD.doneIt+is+(high/about/really)time+that从句从句It/This/That+is/was+thefirst(second,third)time+that从句从句Itisnouse/nogood/uselessdoingsth.其他一些其他一些it词组词组makeitHowisit

36、going?Itsmyturn.Thatsit.canthelp(it)成功；成功到了成功；成功到了 情况怎样？情况怎样？轮到我了轮到我了 这就对了，就这样这就对了，就这样 没办法了没办法了倒装句 倒装句倒装句一、全部倒装的情况一、全部倒装的情况情况例句1.表示方向的副词(here，there，up，down，in，out，back，off，away，over)、介词短语以及now，thus，then等引导的句子，主谓用全部倒装In front of the house sat a lady in red.特别提醒：当主语是人称代词时，即使表示方向的副词或介词短语放在句首，也不倒装。如：Her

37、e he comes.倒装句倒装句情况例句2.由there be/appear/enter/come/exist/happen/lie/stand/live/remain/seem等引导的句型，主谓用全部倒装There stands an old building where I used to study.3.强调分词动作，用“分词be主语”结构，也属于全部倒装范畴Gone are the days when we use the foreign oil.倒装句倒装句情况例句4.such用作表语放在句首时，也用全部倒装Such is what I want to remind you of.

38、5.as表示“尽管、虽然”时Try as he might，he couldnt get the door open.倒装句倒装句二、使用部分倒装的情况二、使用部分倒装的情况情况例句1.含有否定的副词或连词放在句首，引起主谓部分倒装Hardly had I concentrated on my work when he came in.2.“only介词/副词/从句”放在句首，引起主谓部分倒装(如果是only从句，则主句谓语部分倒装)Only when I came near could I recognize that she was my mother.倒装句倒装句情况例句3.由so，ne

39、ither，nor引导的句子，表示某人/物也和前面提到的人/物情况相同He was accused of robbing the woman，so was she.4.not only.but also用来连接两个并列句子时，紧接在not only后面的句子用部分倒装Not only did he get exhausted，but also he got hurt.倒装句倒装句情况例句5.hardly.when，scarcely.when，no sooner.than，so.that，such.that等引导的句子，第一句用部分倒装Hardly had we spoken when he g

40、ot in a word.6.not until引导的句子放在句首，引起主句谓语部分倒装Not until my father died did I make up my mind to return home and stay with my mother for some time.倒装句倒装句情况例句7.由if引导的虚拟语气的条件状语从句，如果助动词是were，should，had，可以省略if，然后用部分倒装Had you required me to help you，I would have given you a hand.Were I free，I would often vi

41、sit my mother.8.由often，always，once，now and then，many a time，every day，every other day，thus等状语放在句首，引起主谓部分倒装Many a time have I reminded you of him.9.表示祝愿的句子Long live the friendship between our two countries！定语从句 定语从句定语从句一、用什么词引导定语从句？一、用什么词引导定语从句？我们要判断到底使用关系代词还是关系副词，应先把先行词放回定语从句中，如果先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，则用

42、关系代词“that(充当主语、宾语或表语)，who(充当主语、宾语或表语)，whom(充当宾语)，which(充当主语、宾语或表语)，as(充当主语、宾语或表语)，whose(充当定语)”；如果充当状语，则用关系副词“where，when，why”等。定语从句定语从句He is the man_never gives in to difficulty.我们将先行词“the man”放回定语从句中，则得出“the man never gives in to difficulty.”在这一句子中，“the man”在句中充当主语，因此不可能用关系副词，排除了填“where，when，why”的可能

43、性；由于“the man”指代人，在句中又充当主语，因此也不可能用“which，whom，whose”；只有当先行词前面有“such，the same”时才能用“as”，因此，以上句子只能填“that/who”。定语从句定语从句二、在什么情况下一般只能用二、在什么情况下一般只能用that引导定语从句？引导定语从句？情况例句先行词同时是人和物时I still remember some people and things that were related to Miss Brown，who used to be monitor in our class.先行词是不定代词：all，any，any

44、thing，everything，few，little，much，none等Though I cant remember everything that happened during the time in university.定语从句定语从句情况例句先行词前面有all，any，every，little，much，no，some，the only，the very修饰时The exam is getting near.There is little time that we can make use of.在以which/who为疑问词的特殊疑问句中I want to know who t

45、he lady is that you referred to in your diary.当主句以there is/here is/it is开头时Here is a story that makes me remember Miss Brown until now.定语从句定语从句三、在什么情况下一般只能用三、在什么情况下一般只能用which引导定语从句？引导定语从句？情况例句引导非限制性定语从句时One afternoon，she and I arrived in New York，which we would look forward to.定语从句定语从句情况例句句子中同时有两个定语

46、从句，其中一个已经用that引导时There，she persuaded me to buy a grammar book that could offer me knowledge of grammar and a dictionary which I could look up the new words in.先行词是物，紧接在介词后面时We went to the biggest bookshop in which there were different kinds of books to be sold.定语从句定语从句四、如何区分四、如何区分thesame.as和和thesame

47、.that?“the same.as”表示同一类人或物，如：Miss Brown also bought the same books as I did.“the same.that”指同一个人或物，例如：He is the same person that you referred to.(同一个人)定语从句定语从句五、在什么情况下五、在什么情况下whose和和ofwhich不能互换？不能互换？whose和of which在用来指物时可以互换，如“This is the room whose window(of which the window/the window of which)is

48、broken.”，但在下列情况下不能互换：1先行词是人时，只能用whose，不能用of which；定语从句定语从句2of不具有所属关系含义时，只能用of which(或of whom)，不能用whose。Its the first time the boy whose father is an engineer has paid a visit to our school.(不能用of which替换whose)She would like to read the novel of which a great number of people have heard.(不能用whose替换of

49、 which)定语从句定语从句六、在什么情况下一般用六、在什么情况下一般用who不用不用that?先行词是人称代词时，一般用who不用that。He，who just heard the news of his fathers death，burst into tears.定语从句定语从句七、七、way后面的定语从句后面的定语从句way后面的定语从句的引导词有in which，that或不填。I recognized hes from Australia from the way in which(that/不填)he speaks.定语从句定语从句1同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语

50、从句的区别同位语从句是对其前面的词所表示的具体内容做进一步的解释或说明，定语从句则对其前面的词起到限定或修饰的作用；that用来引导同位语从句时不充当句子成分，用于引导定语从句则充当句子成分；用when，where，why引导同位语从句时，其前面的词不是相应的时间、地点、原因，而定语从句则必须是相应的时间、地点、原因。定语从句定语从句The suggestion that he come right now is reasonable.(that引导同位语从句)The suggestion that you put forward is reasonable.(that引导定语从句)定语从句定