高考英语阅读理解考点突破---最佳标题课件.ppt

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1、1、主旨归纳题、主旨归纳题(main idea)2、细节理解题、细节理解题(questions of details)3、推理判断题、推理判断题(questions of inference)4、词义猜测题、词义猜测题(words in context)“得阅读者，得天下得阅读者，得天下”让我们一起努力，让我们一起努力，征服阅读，战胜高考！征服阅读，战胜高考！Lets conquer English 最佳标题（最佳标题（Best titleBest title）该题型考查考生对文章的主题、标题、该题型考查考生对文章的主题、标题、中心思想的理解程度及辨别中心思想的理解程度及辨别主要信息主要信息和

2、次要信息和次要信息的能力。常见题型为最佳的能力。常见题型为最佳标题（标题（titletitle）或中心思想（）或中心思想（main main ideaidea）。做这类题时常用跳读法。快）。做这类题时常用跳读法。快速阅读文章找出速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句各个段落的主题句，然后把然后把各个段落的主题句联系起来各个段落的主题句联系起来，着眼于着眼于全文结构全文结构安排了解文章的重心，安排了解文章的重心，这样就能这样就能概括出文章的中心概括出文章的中心。通常情况下主题句在文中的位置通常情况下主题句在文中的位置 :说明文说明文议论文议论文 记叙文记叙文在开头在开头（较常见）（较常见）在结尾在结尾（

3、较少见）（较少见）在中间在中间中心贯中心贯穿全穿全文文（较常见）（较常见）干扰项的陷阱干扰项的陷阱 文章的标题是中心思想最精练的表达形式，文章的标题是中心思想最精练的表达形式，1.1.选择的标题意义范围要能涵盖全文，不能选择的标题意义范围要能涵盖全文，不能太大，也不能太小太大，也不能太小 2.2.命题者在出此类题时，命题者在出此类题时，往往利用生活常识编造干扰项，往往利用生活常识编造干扰项，3.3.把文中的把文中的细节当主旨或只言片语细节当主旨或只言片语，利用局部信息利用局部信息编造编造干扰项，干扰项，4.4.编制编制超出文章范围超出文章范围的标题或的标题或不能不能涵盖文章中心思想涵盖文章中心

4、思想的标题来考查学生的理解的标题来考查学生的理解程度。对选择标题类题，若遇到实在拿不太程度。对选择标题类题，若遇到实在拿不太准的情况，不妨自己思考一下：准的情况，不妨自己思考一下：“如果是我如果是我写这个题目，我会怎样写？写这个题目，我会怎样写？”解题的小窍门：1.正确选项常含有抽象名词或概括性词语。2.正确的选项一般不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。3.那些概括全文、内容全面、含义深刻、说明道理的选项往往有一个正确答案。4.四个选项中，内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个正确答案。5.干扰项特点：A:概括范围太窄，只含局部信息。B:概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的

5、内容。C:无关信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到语言依据的信息。解题技巧点拨解题技巧点拨1.段落中出现转折时，该句可能是主题句。2.作者有意识的重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。3.提出文章的主旨时常伴有文字提示，如：therefore,thus,but,however,in fact,in short 等等。4.首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的解答就是文章的主旨。方法：跳读法（skimming）寻找 title,main idea.When it comes to friends,I desire those who will share my happiness,

6、who possess wings of their own and who will fly with me.I seek friends whose qualities illuminate（照亮）me and train me up for love.It is for these people that I reserve the glowing hours,too good not to share.When I was in the eighth grade,I had a friend.-When I lived for a time in London,I had a frie

7、nd,-For almost four years I have had remarkable friend whose imagination illuminates mine.-It is such comforting companions I wish to keep.One bright hour with their kind is worth more to me than the lifetime services of a psychologist（心理学家），who will only fill up the healing（愈合的）silence necessary to

8、 those darkest moments in which I would rather be my own best friend.What is the best title for the passage?A.Unforgettable ExperiencesB.Remarkable ImaginationC.Lifelong FriendshipD.Noble Companions 阅读下列短文或选段阅读下列短文或选段,从每题所给的从每题所给的A、B、C和和D项中项中,选出最佳选项。选出最佳选项。(1)2009湖北卷湖北卷When I was seven my father gav

9、e me a Timex,my first watch.I loved it,wore it for years,and havent had another one since it stopped ticking a decade ago.Why?Because I dont need one.I have a mobile phone and Im always near someone with an iPod or something like that.All these devices(装置装置)tell the time-which is why,if you look aro

10、und,youll see lots of empty wrists;sales of watches to young adults have been going down since 2007.考点击破考点击破 But while the wise have realized that they dont need them,others-apparently including some distinguished men of our time-are spending total fortunes on them.Brands such as Rolex,Patek Philipp

11、e and Breitling command shocking prices,up to 250,000 for a piece.But these days all watches tell the time as well as all other watches.So why pay that much of five years school fees for watches that allow you to do these things?Watches are now classified as“investments”(投资投资).A 1994 Philippe recent

12、ly sold for nearly 350,000,while 1960s Rolexes have gone from 15,000 to 30,000 plus in a year.But a watch is not an investment.Its a a matter of fashion.But when fashion moves on,the owner of that 350,000 beauty will suddenly find his pride and joy is no more a good investment than my childhood Time

13、x.64.Which would be the best title for the passage?A.Timex or Rolex?B.My Childhood TimexC.Watches?Not for Me!D.Watches-a Valuable Collection(1)C。根据寻找主题句的第根据寻找主题句的第(3)个小窍门个小窍门“首段出现疑问首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨”可知可知Why?后面的便是主题句，与此相符的只有选项后面的便是主题句，与此相符的只有选项C正确。正确。(2)2009福建卷福建卷We already

14、 know the fastest,least expensive way to slow climate change:Use less energy.With a little effort,and not much money,most of us could reduce our energy diets by 25 percent or moredoing the Earth a favor while also helping our wallets.Scientists have reported recently that the world is heating up eve

15、n faster than predicted only a few years ago,and that the consequences could be severe if we dont keep reducing emissions（排放）（排放）of carbon dioxide（CO2）and other greenhouse gases that are trapping heat in our atmosphere.We decided to try an experiment.For one month we recorded our personal emissions

16、of CO2.We wanted to see how much we could cut back,so we went on a strict diet.The average US household(家庭家庭)produces about 150 pounds of CO2 a day by doing common-place things like turning on air-conditioning or driving cars.Thats more than twice the European average and almost five times the globa

17、l average,mostly because Americans drive more and have bigger houses.But how much should we try to reduce?“To stay below that point,we need to reduce CO2 emissions by 80 percent,”he said.Good advice,I thought.Wed gotten so used to keeping our air-conditioning going around the clock.Id almost forgott

18、en the windows even opened.We should not let this happen again.Its time for us to change our habits if necessary.79.Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A.Saving Energy Starts at Home B.Changing Our Habits Begins at WorkC.Changing Climate Sounds Reasonable D.Reducing Emiss

19、ions of CO2 Proves Difficult(2)A。由第一段基本可以判断出答案了，再结合全文内容，由第一段基本可以判断出答案了，再结合全文内容，及最后一句可知，改变家庭生活习惯便可节能减排。及最后一句可知，改变家庭生活习惯便可节能减排。On hearing the words“Just do it!”,you will know there is a Nike product nearby.If its“Always Coca-cola”,you can be sure someone wants to sell you a refreshing drink.An adverti

20、sing slogan is to brand what eyes are to a person.The slogan helps people understand the brand better by telling them what it wants to sell to its customers.Good slogans leave a message in peoples minds.Its almost certain that every brand has a popular slogan.“Just do it!”a slogan that speaks out to

21、 teens.It tells them to do something,but only if they think its worth it.And if so,why not do it wearing Nike?Question:What would be best title for the text?A.Just Do It!B.Slogan and BrandC.Famous SlogansD.What Is a Good Slogan?Atlanta,GA,June20,2008Scientists believe they have found ice on Mars.The

22、 Phoenix Mars Lander showed bits of what appeared to be ice while digging a trench(沟)near the Martian North Pole.Pieces of bright material photographed in the trench later disappeared,meaning they are likely to have been frozen water that vaporized(蒸发)after being uncovered.The NASAs investigator(调查员

23、)Peter Smith,of the University of Arizona,said,“These little pieces completely disappeared over the course of a few days,which clearly makes us believe that its ice.There had been some question whether the bright material was salt.Salt cant do that.”The Phoenix Mars Lander is studying whether the ar

24、ctic area of the Red Planet could be lived in.Its using its robotic arm to dig up some soil and scientists have been hoping it will find frozen water.Question:The best title for the passage may be _.A.Phoenix Mars Lander B.Live on Mars C.Phoenix Mars Lander discovers“ice”D.A great step into outer sp

25、ace Shopping is not as simple as you may think!There are all sorts of tricks at play each time we reach out for that particular brand of product on the shelf.Coloring,for example,varies according to what the producers are trying to sell.Health foods are packaged in greens,yellows or browns because w

26、e think of these as healthy colors.Ice cream packets are often blue and expensive goods,like chocolates,are gold or silver.The size of a product can attract a shopper.But quite often a bottle doesnt contain a s much as it appears to.It is believed that the better-known companies spend,on average,70

27、percent of the total cost of the product itself on packaging!(04 广东)Which of the following would be the best title for this text?A.Choice of Good ProductsB.Disadvantages of ProductsC.Effect of Packaging on ShoppingD.Brand Names and Shopping Tricks Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the e

28、arly afternoon?Many people feel this way after lunch.They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness.Or in summer,they may think it is the heat.However,the real reason lies inside their bodies.At that time-about eight hours after you wake up-your body temperature goes down.This is wh

29、at makes you slow down and feel sleepy.Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day.The people in these experiment almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern.They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later.(四川)What wou

30、ld be the best title for the text?A.Just for a RestB.All for a napC.A Special Sleep patternD.Taking naps in Warmer Climate Different cultures emphasize the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree.For example,business in some countries is not possible until there is a relati

31、onship of trust.Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures.I once made a speech in Thailand.I had expected my speech to be a success and start a living discussion;instead there was an uncomfortable silence.In my own culture,we express meaning mainly through words,but people there someti

32、mes feel too many words are unnecessary.Even within Northern Europe,cultural differences can cause serious problems.People from different parts of the world have different values,and sometimes these values are quite against each other-(安徽)What would be the best title for the text?A.Multicultural Env

33、ironment B.Cross-Cultural DifferencesC.How to Understand Each Other D.How to Build up a Relationship Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness,happiness,goodness,and self-respect?The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as“honor”help you create this life of good feelings

34、.Heres an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.-There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions.Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions.Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence.And its easy to think and act honorable again when

35、 were happy.While the positive cycle can be different to start,once its started,its easy to continue.Keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind,which is important for our happiness.(07 广东)Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?A.How to Live TruthfullyB.Importance of Pe

36、acefulnessC.Ways of Gaining Self-respectD.Happiness through Honorable Actions One August afternoon,Richard Allen dropped off his last passenger,Mrs.Carey.Lifting two grocery bags,he followed her across the yard and stood on the step of her house.Glancing up,he saw a large wasps（黄蜂）nest under the roo

37、f-She stepped quickly inside.Allen ran for his minibus.Too late;As he was driving down the road,Allen felt as if something was burning at the back of his neck,and the“fire”was spreading forward toward his face-Miles from the nearest medical assistance,Allen began to feel his tongue thick and heavy a

38、nd his heartbeat-Rushing down the mountain,Allen tried not to panic,focusing his mind on each sharp-Hold on,Allen thought.Keep your eyes open.Breathe.Keep awake.At last he reached the station.Two firemen ran out.Allen felt their hands grasp him before he hit the ground.You made it,he thought.Which w

39、ould be the best title for the passage?A.Allen,A Helpless DriverB.Wasps,Bloody KillersC.A Race Against DeathD.War Against Wasps6 Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world.It took them more than two years to do so by ship.Magellan was from Portugal,but he sailed for the King of S

40、pain.On September 20,1519,he left Spain with five ships and 240 men.After passing the trip of South America,they reached the Pacific Ocean,on which they sailed more than one year.Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water.

41、Many of them died of hunger and diseases.They even had to live on sawdust.Finally in April 1521,Magellan got to the Philippine Islands,where he was killed.His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean.It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope.By the

42、 time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521,seven out of every eight men had died.Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.（4分钟）分钟）Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?A.Magellans death B.Going Around Th

43、e World C.The World Is Round D.Magellans VoyageParagraph 1:Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world.Paragraph 2:The process of Magellans long difficult voyageParagraph 3:Magellans voyaged proved the earth is round.Magellans voyage(too narrow)(too broad)(too narrow)(proper)Magellans men w

44、ere the first to make the trip around the world.It took them more than two years to do so by ship.Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world.需要说明的是，在考试状态下，人的短时需要说明的是，在考试状态下，人的短时记忆的容量是有限的，考生不可能在那么短记忆的容量是有限的，考生不可能在那么短的时间内形成对于某篇阅读比较完整的情景的时间内形成对于某篇阅读比较完整的情景模型，在做题提取信息时肯定会遇到刚才没模型，在做题提取信息时肯定会遇到刚才没有注意的细节、或比较模糊的印象，这时候，有注意的细节、或比较模糊的印象，这时候，千万不能想当然，凭感觉作答，因为专门有千万不能想当然，凭感觉作答，因为专门有这样的模糊选项等着这样的模糊选项等着“请君入瓮请君入瓮”呢。所以建呢。所以建议考生们一定要回头，议考生们一定要回头，适当划划和题目选项适当划划和题目选项相关的信息相关的信息出处出处,提高答题的提高答题的正确率。正确率。Wish you a great success!Thank you!