商业银行中间业务发展的国际比较【外文翻译】.docx

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1、外文原文：Intermediate business of commercial banks and the development of intermediate business of commercial banks in china with a comprehensive internationalAuther : Clus IrisFirst，The middle of a commercial banking business development of activity because of1.1AninevitablechoiceforcommercialbanksInte

2、rmediatebusinessofcommercialbanksandtherapiddevelopmentoftheemergenceoftheunderlyingreasonsarenotonlydriven,butalsotheresultofexternalfactors.Firstofall,theinternationalcommunitytoenterthecountrieshaverelaxedcontrols,theliberalizationofbankingandinternationaltrends,includinggreatlytothemiddleofthebu

3、siness,includingthepaceoffinancialinnovation;Second,marketcompetitionhasalsopromotedthedevelopmentofintermediarybusiness,traditionalbusinessofcommercialbanksnotonlyfacedcompetitioninthesameindustry,andalongwiththedevelopmentofcapitalmarketcountries,greatlyincreasedtheproportionofdirectfinancing,thet

4、raditionalcommercialbanksassets,liabilities,businessincreasinglyshowingasunsetindustrythedecline,therefore,commercialbankswereforcedtocarryoutnewbusinessinnovationtocreateanewsourceofprofits;again,themiddleofbusinessinnovationistheresultofmarketdemand,duetofrequentfluctuationsininterestratesandexcha

5、ngerates,enterprisesandcommercialbanksinwhichtheuncertaintyofeconomicenvironment,increasingtheriskofwhichtheeffectivemanagementtools,inparticular,anumberoffinancialderivativeshadademandforthedevelopmentofthebankingintermediarybusinessthatisriskmanagementinordertosatisfycustomers,aswellasotherdiversi

6、fiedfinancialservices;Finally,thebankshavetheirownadvantages,aswellas20practicalinformationtechnologysincethe80sthedevelopmentandextensiveuseofcommercialbanksforthedevelopmentofintermediarybusinesspossible.February1987atNorthwesternUniversityintheUnitedStatesheldadeposit-takinginstitutionsonassetsec

7、uritizationandtheriskofdevelopmentofintermediarybusinessseminar,ascholaronthedevelopmentofcommercialbanksinthemiddleofalargenumberofbusinessreasonsforconcluding,thatis,commercialbanksthedevelopmentofintermediarybusinessandtechnology,control,interestraterisk,customercompetition,factorssuchascapitalad

8、equacyratioarecloselyrelated. 1.2Thesignificanceofthedevelopmentofintermediarybusiness(A)Canbeextendedintoacommercialbankintermediaryfunction,toexpandtheirbusinessscale.(B)Commercialbankscanspreadbusinessrisks,andenhancethebanksabilitytoresistrisks.(C)Canplayavarietyofbusiness,bundlingeffecttoenhanc

9、ethecompetitivenessofthebanks.Intermediatebusinessofcommercialbanksbetweenotherbusinessinteractionandmutualinfluence,andthedevelopmentofintermediarybusinessforthebanksnotonlybringdirectprofits,butalsowithotherbusiness,thesecondinteractionofthemarkettoenhancethecompetitivenessofbanks.Second,commercia

10、lbanksinthedevelopmentofintermediarybusiness2.1Thebroaderbusinessscope,awidevariety.Westerncountriesofthemiddle-runcommercialbanksandawidevarietyofproductstomeetthediverseneedsofcustomers,thecommercialbanksforthenewbusinessinnovation.Thescopeofbusinesscoveredbythemiddleofthetraditionalbanking,trusts

11、ervices,investmentbanking,mutualfundsandinsurancebusiness.Theycanengageinmoneymarketoperations,butalsocanengageindiscountingcommercialpaperandcapitalmarketsbusiness.2.2 Graduallyexpandthebusinessscaleof,risingincomelevels.From1993to1996amongtheU.S.bankingbusinessgrewfrom912billionU.S.dollarsto12.188

12、trillionU.S.dollars,accountingforbankassetsfrom78%to142.9%,ofwhichthesevenlargestbanksinthemiddleofthebusinesslendingpercentmorethandoubledandmore.LivingintheforefrontoftheU.S.bankingindustry,Citigroup,theAmericas,suchasthemiddleofthefivemajorbankinggroupsinvolvedintheoperationalactivitiesofthetotal

13、assetsofmorethan2.2trillionU.S.dollarshasthesameperiod,assetsandliabilitiesthatbanksunderthetotalassetsof780billionU.S.dollarsforthecapitalsumforthe45billionU.S.dollars;intermediarybusiness3yearstheaveragegrowthrateto54.2%,muchhigherthanthe9percentaverageannualtotalassetsandtotalcapitalatanaveragean

14、nualgrowthrateof21.6percent.2.3Middle-incomestructureofthebusinesschange.Westerncommercialbanksfrom1980to1990of10years,thetotalincomeofnon-spreadrevenuerapidupwardtrendinboth.Themiddleofforeignbanksoperatingincomegenerallyaccountsfor40%oftotalrevenue-50%.AcceptanceintheUnitedStates,Citibank,creditin

15、vestigation,creditratingcompanies,assetsevaluationbusiness,personalfinancialadvisorbusiness,long-termforeignexchangetrading,foreignexchangefutures,foreignexchangeoptions,andotherintermediarybusinessrepresented80percentbroughttheirprofitsdepositandlendingbusinessprofitsaccountedforonly20%ofthetotalpr

16、ofits.2.4Servicemeansofadvancedandhightechnology.Improvementinthelevelofscienceandtechnologyforthedevelopmentofintermediatebusinessofcommercialbankstoprovideastrongfoundationfortechnicalsupportandinnovation,especiallyinrecentyearscanbeatanytimeandanyplaceinanywaytoprovidecustomerswithpersonalizedser

17、vicenetworkofbanks,theemergenceofInternetbankingpromotedthedevelopmentofintermediarybusiness.Withtheinternationaladvancedbankingpaymentsystemonitsstrongbusinessinthemiddlewasahugeamountofservicefeerevenue.Third,commercialbanksAnalysisofintermediateproducts3.1Clearing-typeintermediateproductsClearing

18、productsareusuallydividedintopromissorynotes,billsofexchange,thethreetypesofchecks.Settlementoffundsbetweenthetimeofthesettlementact,forthecustomers,themaindemandistousethebankingclearingsystem,securityandtimelytransferoffunds.Settlementisthereforeameansofclearingoperationstoensurethesuccessfulcompl

19、etionofanimportantlink.Onthecharacteristicsoftheclearingbusiness,itsriskmaycomefromthreeaspects:customerriskfactors,riskfactorsofpostandtelecommunicationssectorandbankingriskfactors.Forthebanks,thefirsttwobanksofexternalrisks,whichisthebanksinternalrisk.3.2securitytypeofintermediateproductsWiththede

20、velopmentofinternationaltrade,theWesterncommercialbanksfasterdevelopmentofthesecuritybusiness,includingstandbylettersofcredit,guaranteethepayment,performancebond,bidsecurity,supervision,suchaspaymentbythecommonvarieties.Chineseandforeigncommercialbanks,thesecuritybusinessisproductionoftheintermediat

21、ebusinesswithcommercialbankstocarryoutsecurityoperationsistheuseofbankstoprovidecreditsupport,thatonehastobearbecauseoftherisksassociatedwithcreditsupport.3.3IntermediategoodsManagementMainlydividedintothebankingbusiness,safeoperations,PersonalFinancialServices.Sincethelastcenturyistheera,astheworld

22、sfinancialsystem,industrystructure,organizationalstructure,operationalmodalitiesandcompetitionisundergoingaprofoundtransformation.Thechangesinthetraditionalbanking,securities,insurance,trustbusinessincreasinglyblurredboundariesbetweenthebusiness,whileseekingtopromoteandstrengthenthecommercialbanking

23、andfinancialactivitiesofglobalizationandvirtual organizations,thebanksoftheinsuranceindustrytoflourishheredevelopment.Withthedevelopmentoftheworldeconomy,personalfinancialservicesshowingahugespacefordevelopment.Andpersonalfinancialservicescustomersofcommercialbanksisthecorepersonalfinancialservicesi

24、nthecommercialbankstothefinancialservicessupermarkettheprocessofdevelopment,personalfinancialservicesofcommercialbanksathomeandabroadhasbecomethefocalpointofretailbusinessone.3.4AdvisorytypeofintermediateproductsIntermediarybusinessconsultingcategoryreferstothetransfer,saleinformationandprovideintel

25、ligenceservicestothemaincontentsoftheintermediarybusiness.Commercialbanksontheirowninformation,talent,credibilityandotherareas,thecollectionandpresentationofinformationandinformationofthesecustomers,aswellasbanksandfinancialanalysisofcampaignrecordstoformasystemofinformationandprogramsmadeavailablet

26、ocustomers,onetomeettheirmanagementorbusinessdevelopmentneeds.Include:credit,corporatecreditrating,assetsevaluationbusinessandfinancialinformation;businessandpersonalfinancialadvisorbusiness;businessconsultantbusinessinvestmentandfinancing,includingfinancingandtheinternationalsyndicatedloanarrangeme

27、nt.3.5bankcards,onlinebankingintermediateproductsBankcreditcardistheissueofcommercialbankstothecommunitywithconsumercredit,debitsettlement,accesstocashinwholeorinpart,suchasacreditpaymentfunction.Itsfastdevelopment,manycountrieshavebecomeanimportantbusiness,manybanksandthemajorsourceofprofitforvarie

28、ty.Internetbankingisabankingservicetoprovidecustomerswithnewtools,whichtheexistingbankingbusiness,basedontheuseofInternettechnologytoprovidecustomerswithcomprehensive,consent,security,real-timefinancialservices.Internetbankingisnotonlyabankinginnovationistheorganizationalstructureofabank.Atthesameti

29、me,theemergenceofInternetbankingsothattheexpansionofcommercialbankstofindnewchannelsforthemiddleofthebusiness.Fourth,themiddleofthelatestdevelopmentsinthedirectionofbusiness4.1 SecuritizationofcreditassetsSecuritizationofcreditassetsreferstoagroupofpoorliquiditythroughaportfolioofassets,sothatthisgr

30、oupofassetstogeneratestableandpredictablecashflowproceedsthroughtheintermediaryofcertaincreditenhancement,theproceedsoftheseassetstherighttochangeasflowsinthefinancialmarkets,highercreditratingofbond-typesecurities.Inessence,willbefinancingthesecuritizationoffuturecashproceedsoftheassetsandthecorres

31、pondingrighttotransfertherisktoinvestors,andthetransferofownershipoftheassetsmaynotbeentirely.4.2fundbusinessAlongtime,Chinascommercialbankstodevelopintermediarybusinessnotasamainindustryandthenewprofitgrowthpointtorun,butalsoourcountrysstrictseparationofmanagementandotherfactors,sothatthedevelopmen

32、tofthebankingsectorhasbeengreaterrestrictions.Adirectconsequenceoftheserestrictionsisthatdomesticcommercialbanksandweakfinancialinnovation.Havebeencarriedoutinthemiddleoftheretailbusinessofthedevelopmentofvarieties,nottoprofitmaximizationasthegoal,butasabsorbingasameansofcustomerdeposits,whichresult

33、edinbusinessreceiptsinthemiddleofthecontributionrateforbankswithlowprofitsituation.CommercialbanksinChinascurrenttotalincome,theproportionofallinteresincomemorethan90%.ThisrevenuestructureistoenabletheassetsofChinascommercialbanksprofitabilityinthelastcenturysincethe90shasbeeninacontinuousdownwardtr

34、endinoneofthemainreasons.StudieshaveshownthatcommercialbanksintheU.S.theaverageassetprofitrateofChinasfourstate-ownedcommercialbanksaverageof12.86times.Thisshowsthatthemiddleofmybusinesscards,manytypesofprojectsthough,buttheirpurposeandprofitwiththesituationinWesterndevelopedcountries,significantdif

35、ferencesbetweenthemoderncommercialbankingbusinessandalotofcontenthasyettoenterourfieldofvision.Fifth, Chinas commercial banks lag in the middle of the easons for business development5.1onthetraditionalstate-ownedcommercialbusinesses,aswellasthelong-termmonopolycontrolofthecentralbanksinterestratesle

36、ddirectlytocommercialbankstocreateamoderninadequate.Fromabroad,thedevelopmentofbankingbusiness,theincreasinglyintensifiedcompetitioninthemarketforcesandcustomersistocontinuouslystrengthenthebanktospeeduptheexpansionofthemainreasonsfornon-marginbusiness.Chinasbankingindustryfromthehistoricalpathofdev

37、elopment,thehistoricalfactorsstrangleacertainextent,thedomesticcommercialbankstoexpandtheirbusinessandtheautonomyofconsciousness.Unificationofthinking,aswellasthebankingsystemmorerigiddomesticcommercialbanksusedtomakethegovernmentscommand,thelackofresponsetotheeconomicsituationtocustomersandthemarke

38、tasguide,basedontheformulationandimplementationoftheirownadvantagesfortheirowndevelopmentstrategiesofmotivationandability.5.2thedevelopmentofintermediatebusinessofcommercialbanksledtoasubstantialriskoffinancialregulationwillmaketheexistingsystemisfacingtremendouspressure. Thefinancialsectoratthepoli

39、cyorientationofbusinesslimitstheroomforthedevelopmentofintermediarybusiness.Mostofthemiddleofthebusinessbelongingtobanksandnon-bankfinancialinstitutionsoperatinginthefieldofcross-cutting,soinrongthestatesmacroeconomicmanagementpoliciesofbanks,non-bankfinancialinstitutions,thelimitedscopeofbusinessdi

40、rectlydeterminestheintermediatebusinessofcommercialbankstoopenupspace.Istartedin1993fromabanking,securities,insurance,trustthestrictseparationofmanagement,thebankscannotcreateacross-sectoral,comprehensive,multi-facetedbusinessintermediateproducts,itisdifficulttoraisethelevelofbusinessandlevelofinten

41、sive5.3Bankchargesamongthebusinessandthelackofstandardization.Intheabsenceofcorrespondingfeesandchargesbasedmechanism,theintermediarybusinessdifficultandhardtochargefees,particularlythephenomenonoftable.Chargesnotspecificallyreflectedinthefinanciainstitutionsamongthebusinessnoexpressprovisioncharges

42、.Difficulttochargeinfeesandchargesduetolackofenforcementmechanism,financialinstitutionsareafraidofarbitrarycollectionofchargesthesuspect.5.4Chinasbankingindustryhasdevelopedthemarketingmodelandthemarketinghabithasseverelyconstrainedthedevelopmentofintermediarybusiness.Fromforeignbankstoexpandbusinessmodelpointofview,primarilybyt