无热效应反应精馏塔的综合与设计.doc
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1、Abstract 摘 要现代化工生产领域对系统优化、绿色化工越来越迫切的要求促进了反应精馏塔技术的快速发展。相比于传统精馏技术,反应精馏具备显著的节能和降低投资的优点。因此,如何最大程度地发掘反应精馏系统的潜在节能优势,成为了国内外的研究热点,也是本文的研究依据。依据塔内反应热量与汽化潜热比值的大小,反应精馏塔可以被划分为有大量热效应、有部分热效应、无热效应三大类。现有的提高反应精馏系统热力学效率的方法,大多是针对于有大量热效应反应精馏过程进行研究的。而对于无热效应反应精馏塔,至今仍没有完整的提高系统热力学效率的系统综合与设计方法被提出。因此,本文以无热效应反应精馏塔为研究对象,首次提出了以“
2、强化内部物质耦合”的方法进行过程设计,可以有效地提升反应精馏系统的热力学效率。研究表明,反应段与精馏段耦合、反应段与提馏段耦合、改变反应物进料位置、改变催化剂在反应段内的分布状态这四种方法可以有效地强化反应精馏系统内部物质耦合。对这四种方法合理地加以综合运用,可以得到一个系统化的强化设计策略。四种不同的反应精馏体系在使用“强化内部物质耦合”方法进行过程综合设计后,系统能耗均出现了明显的降低,系统的热力学效率显著提高,同时设备投资和运行费用也会相应地减少。实践证明,“强化系统内部物质耦合”的系统综合与设计方法具有普遍通用性,对于不同的反应精馏体系、不同的物理特性和操作条件,都能显著地发挥节能效果
3、,且该方法简便易行。因此“强化内部物质耦合”的设计方法对反应精馏过程的综合与设计具有重要的意义和作用。关键词:反应精馏塔,热力学效率,内部物质耦合,系统综合,系统设计 IXDeepening Internal Mass Integration Synthesis and Design of Reactive Distillation Columns with Negligible or no Thermal EffectAbstractReactive distillation technology has seen great development owing to the progres
4、s of green chemistry and process optimization. Contrast sharply to the conventional distillation process, the reactive distillation process can offer more benefits in utility consumption and capital investment. The main object of this paper is to activate the potential advantage of the reactive dist
5、illation columns in the chemical process industry.In terms of the ratio between the thermal heat released by the reactions involved and the latent heat of the reacting mixture separated, reactive distillation columns can be divided into three broad categories, i.e., those with highly thermal effect,
6、 those with considerably thermal effect and those with negligible or no thermal effect. Though a number of methods have already been proposed for the synthesis and design of reactive distillation columns so far, much of them are actually about the process with highly thermal effect, and almost no es
7、sential progress has been made regarding the synthesis and design of reactive distillation columns with negligible or no thermal effect.A systematic method for deepening internal mass integration is proposed for the synthesis and design of reactive distillation columns involving reactions with negli
8、gible or no thermal effect, aiming to improve the thermodynamic efficiency. Four strategies, including the superimposition of reactive section onto rectifying and stripping sections, relocation of feed stages, and redistribution of catalyst within the reactive section, can be derived to intensify in
9、ternal mass integration. With a systematic application of these strategies, a sequential procedure is devised for the synthesis and design of reactive distillation columns involving reactions with negligible or no thermal effect.Four hypothetical ideal reactive distillation systems are used as examp
10、les to evaluate the philosophy proposed, and a substantial reduction of utility consumption is secured in addition to a further abatement in capital investment. The proposed method for deepening internal mass integration could be effective in different reactive distillation models with different phy
11、sical properties and operating conditions. It is also proved quite simple in principle and procedure. These striking results evidence the significance and strong necessity of deepening internal mass integration in the synthesis and design of reactive distillation columns.Keywords: Reactive distillat
12、ion column, thermodynamic efficiency, internal mass integration, process synthesis, process design北京化工大学硕士学位论文目 录符 号 说 明1第一章 绪论31.1反应精馏过程的发展方向31.2反应精馏的特点与研究必要性31.3论文结构4第二章 反应精馏过程简析52.1反应精馏技术的发展与实际工业应用52.2反应精馏过程建模技术的研究52.2.1反应精馏系统稳态模型52.2.2反应精馏系统动态模型62.2.2.1 动态模型简介及研究情况62.2.2.2 多稳态现象72.3以反应热为依据的反应精馏塔
13、分类方法82.4提升反应精馏系统性能的强化设计方法9第三章 强化内部物质耦合113.1强化系统内部物质耦合概念的提出113.2实现强化系统内部物质耦合的四种方法113.3实现强化内部物质耦合的系统化综合搜索策略133.4强化内部物质耦合小结14第四章 理想四元反应精馏体系A+BC+D154.1 A+BC+D反应精馏体系过程描述154.2稳态模型描述154.3增强反应精馏系统内部物质耦合的效果184.4其他物理特性和操作条件对系统内部物质耦合的影响244.4.1 FB进料热状况对系统稳态特性的影响244.4.2催化剂总量对系统稳态特性的影响254.5 小结27第五章 双进料的理想三元反应精馏体系
14、A+BC285.1 A+BC反应精馏体系过程描述285.2稳态模型描述285.3增强反应精馏系统内部物质耦合的效果315.4其他物理特性和操作条件对系统内部物质耦合的影响345.4.1 FA进料热状况对系统稳态特性的影响345.4.2催化剂总量对系统稳态特性的影响365.5 小结37第六章 理想三元反应精馏体系A(HK)B(LK)+C(IK)386.1 AB+C反应精馏体系过程描述386.2稳态模型描述386.3增强反应精馏系统内部物质耦合的效果406.4其他物理特性和操作条件对系统内部物质耦合的影响466.4.1 FA进料热状况对系统稳态特性的影响466.4.2催化剂总量对系统稳态特性的影响
15、476.5 小结47第七章 理想三元反应精馏体系A(IK)B(LK)+C(HK)487.1 A(IK) B(LK)+C(HK)过程描述487.2稳态模型描述487.3增强反应精馏系统内部物质耦合的效果507.4其他物理特性和操作条件对系统内部物质耦合的影响557.4.1 FA进料热状况对系统稳态特性的影响567.4.2催化剂总量对系统稳态特性的影响567.5 小结57第8章 强化系统内部物质耦合的讨论588.1其他强化系统内部物质耦合的方法588.2强化系统内部物质耦合方法的适用范围58第9章 结论与展望619.1结论619.2 展望61参 考 文 献63致谢69研究成果及发表的学术论文70作
16、者与导师简介71ContentsNotation1Chapter 1 Introduction31.1 The Development of Reactive Distillation Process31.2 Advantages and Research Necessity of Reactive Distillation Process31.3 Structure of This Paper4Chapter 2 Research of Reactive Distillaiton Column52.1 History and Plant Process of Reactive Distill
17、ation52.2 Concerning Reactive Distillation Models52.2.1 Steady State Model52.2.2 Dynamic Model62.2.2.1 Research of Dynamic Model62.2.2.2 Multiple Steady State72.3 The Category Method according to the Thermal Effect82.4 Intensifying Methods Improving System Performance9Chapter 3 Deepening Internal Ma
18、ss Integration113.1 The Method of Deepening Internal Mass Integration113.2 Four Strategies113.3 A Sequential Procedure133.4 Conclusion14Chapter 4 A Hypothetical Quaternary Reactive Distillation System (A+BC+D)154.1 Process Description154.2 Steady State Model Description154.3 Effect of Deepening Inte
19、rnal Mass Integration184.4 Influences of Physical Propoties and Operation Condition244.4.1 Influences of Thermal Conditions of FB244.4.2 Influences of the Amount of Catalyst Employed254.5 Conclusion27Chapter 5 A Hypothetical Ternary Reactive Distillation System(A+BC)285.1 Process Description285.2 St
20、eady State Model Description285.3 Effect of Deepening Internal Mass Integration315.4 Influences of Physical Propoties and Operation Condition345.4.1 Influences of Thermal Conditions of FA345.4.2 Influences of the Amount of Catalyst Employed365.5 Conclusion37Chapter 6 A Hypothetical Ternary Reactive
21、Distillaiton System with a Heavy Reactant A (HK)B(LK)+C(IK)386.1 Process Description386.2 Steady State Model Description386.3 Effect of Deepening Internal Mass Integration406.4 Influences of Physical Propoties and Operation Condition466.4.1 Influences of Thermal Conditions of FA466.4.2 Influences of
22、 the Amount of Catalyst Employed476.5 Conclusion47Chapter 7 A Hypothetical Ternary Reactive Distillation System with a Intermediate Reactant A(IK)B(LK)+C(HK)487.1 Process Description487.2 Steady State Model Description487.3 Effect of Deepening Internal Mass Integration507.4 Influences of Physical Pr
23、opoties and Operation Condition557.4.1 Influences of Thermal Conditions of FA567.4.2 Influences of the Amount of Catalyst Employed567.5 Conclusion57Chapter 8 Discussion of Deepening Internal Mass Integration588.1 Other Methods of Deepening Internal Mass Integration588.2 Application Ranges of Deepeni
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