新沪教版初中英语七年级上册Module-3-Travels-unit5-Visiting-the-moon-知识点归纳及单元语法.doc

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1、Unit 5 Visiting the Moon一 必背单词1. diary 日记，日记簿 2. space太空 3. spaceship宇宙飞船 4.spacesuit宇航服，航天服 5. nervous紧张的 6. leave 离开 7.able 能够8. tie糸，捆，绑9.ourselves 我们自己 10. without没有 11. weak虚弱的，无力的 12. breathe 呼吸 13. if如果 14. camera照相机 15. work运转；运行 16. garden花园 17. rock 岩石 18.postcard明信片 19.machine机器 20. retur

2、n返回 21. gravity重力，地球引力 22. float漂浮；浮动二 必背短语1. more than 多于 2. be able to能够 3.have to 不得不，必须 4.so that 以便 5. take photos 拍照 6. asas像。一样；如同7. that is 也就是说 8. get weak变虚弱 9. tieto把。糸在。上 10. be excited about对。感到兴奋 11. bring back 带回12. such as例如 13. taketo 带。去。14.one of the first students第一批学生之一 15. on t

3、he Moon在月球上 16. in the future将来 17. get excited 变得兴奋，激动 18. come back 回来 19.a large amount of 大量 20. be interested in对。感兴趣 21. do exercises做运动 22. visit the Space Museum 参观太空博物馆 23. at the moment目前 24. at the school gate在学校门口 25. in the swimming pool在游泳池里三 同义词1. leave= go away from 离开 2. return=come

4、 back/go back 返回3. have to =must必须 4. be able to=can 能够 5. tie=hold two or more things together with a rope糸，捆，绑 6. breathe=take air into and send it out of your body呼吸 7. at the moment =now目前 8. more than =over超过 9. so that=in order that 以便 10.worry about sb.=be worried about sb.担心某人四 重点句型1.。so tha

5、t 以便；为了 （引导目的状语从句）(1) We will have to tie ourselves to our beds so that we wont float away in our sleep! 我们将不得不把自己绑在床上，以便我们睡觉时不会飘走。(2)He always gets up very early so that he can catch the first bus. 为了能赶上第一班车，他总是很早起床。2. asas sb. can 尽可能。(1) Im going to take many photos as I can, that is, if my camer

6、a still works up there.也就是说，如果我的照相机在太空中还能用的话。我将尽可能多拍些照片。(2) We should do as many things as we to protect the Earth.我们应该尽量多做一些事情来保护地球。3. be able to do sth. 能够做某事(1) There is no gravity in space, so well all be able to float around in the spaceship.太空里没有地球引力，所以我们都将能够漂浮在宇宙飞船里。(2) Im able to carry the b

7、ox by myself.我能够自己搬这个箱子。4. It takes/took/will take sb. +some time +to do sth.(1) The Moon is around 380,000 kilometres from the Earth, so itll take us about four days to get there.月球距离地球380,000公里，所以我们将花四天的时间才能到那里。(2) It usually takes me two hours to do my homework every day.我通常每天花2个小时做作业。(3) It took

8、 Tom one hours to clean his room yesterday.汤姆昨天花了1个小时清洁他的房间。五 语法：一般将来时的用法一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，或表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。常与tomorrow，next year，this Saturday, soon, in the future, in a moment等表示将来的时间状语连用。（一）、含助动词will的一般将来时 例如：1. He will have an important meeting tomorrow morning.2. I wont go swimming with

9、you this afternoon.3. - Will Lucy come to the party tomorrow? - Yes, she will.No, she wont总结: 通过以上例句我们可以看出，含助动词will的一般将来时的结构如下：肯定句:主语+ will + do+其他否定句: 主语+ will + not + do+其他(will not可缩写为wont)一般疑问句: Will+主语+do+其他肯定回答: Yes，主语+will；否定回答：No，主语+ wont（二）、be going to表示一般将来时 例如：1. He is going to visit his

10、grandfather next weekend.2. We arent going to fly to Beijing tomorrow because of the bad weather.3. - Are you going to have a picnic this Sunday? - Yes, we are.No, we arent.总结：通过以上例句我们可以看出，be going to表示一般将来时的结构如下：肯定句：主语+amisare + going to+ do+其他否定句：主语+amisare not + going to +do+其他一般疑问句：AmIsAre+主语+go

11、ing to+ do+其他肯定回答：Yes，主语+amisare；否定回答： No，主语+amisare + not（三）注意 when 引导的时间状语从句或 if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时，简称“主将从现”(四) there be句型的将来时形式 There will be There is gong to be Unit 5 Writing【写作目标】 假设你是班长，准备组织班上同学这个周六到动物园玩。请你根据下表的提示，向同学们说明这次活动的安排，80词左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。8:00校门口集合8:009:00坐车9:0011:30在动物园（游玩、看动物、表

12、演）11:3012:30吃自己带去的食物14:00动物园门口集合15:00学校门口解散回家【写作步骤】审题：（一）本文是要求写一篇外出活动安排，所以要注意讲清楚时间、地点以及安排。（二）时态：以一般将来时为主。（三）书写正文。把表格中所给的内容提示组句成文，切不可遗漏要点，可适当发挥。虽然是介绍一天的安排，但也要避免写成流水账，令读者读起来枯燥乏味。这样，就需要我们运用一些句式和注意句与句的衔接。（四）检查校对全文。特别注意提示中的要点是否齐全。联想：写作本篇作文可能需要的短语和句型 短语: meet at the school gate; arrive at; look at; watch;

13、 play games; go home 句式：，because. After we do，we do Before we do，we do组句成文This Saturday, we are going to visit the zoo. _ _ Hope we will have a good time!参考范文:This Saturday, we are going to visit the zoo. We are going to meet at the school gate at 8:00, and take a bus together. After an hours journe

14、y, we will arrive at the zoo. Then, we will have two and a half hours to visit the zoo. We can look at the animals, watch the shows and play games. At 11:30, we will get together again to eat the food we bring. We will meet at the gate of the zoo at 14:00 and take a bus again to go back to school. T

15、hen well go home. Hope we will have a good time!【一展身手】 假如你叫王清，你的英国笔友Jack来广州玩，你将带他参观广州塔，请你按以下要点给他写封回信，告诉他你的安排。安排：1傍晚5点出发，大约6:00上塔； 2在塔上游玩、拍照； 3. 7:30下来，在塔下继续拍照留念； 4. 大约9:00回到宾馆。注意：1词数：80词左右。 2信的开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。 3书写整洁规范。Dear Jack，I am very glad to receive your letter. You ask me about my plan to visit

16、 the Guangzhou Tower. Now I can tell you something about it. Im looking forward to your visit. Best wishes! Yours, Wang Qing Unit5 Visiting the Moon重点单词: diary, space, spaceship, spacesuit, nervous, leave, gravity, able, float, tie, ourselves, without, weak, breathe, if, camera, work, garden, rock,

17、postcard, machine, return.重点短语more than, be able to, have to, so that, take photos, asas, that is, such as. 课文重点句子解析 Reading1.How will Jerry travel? How may Jerry feel about the trip? travel, trip, journey的用法辨析: 三者区别如下 1). travel 泛指一般意义的旅行是不可数名词。 如 He is fond of travel (= travelling). 他喜欢旅行。 Travel

18、is much cheaper than it used to be. 现在旅行比过去便宜多了。 注有时可用复数形式主要指时间较长的各处旅行此时通常有物主代词修饰但是尽管用了复数形式却不能与 many 或数词连用。 如 Hes gone off on his travels again. 他又外出旅行了。 另外travel 通常只是泛指旅行而不特指某次具体的旅行所以通常不说How was your travel? 2). journey 通常指远距离的陆地旅行并且不一定要返回到出发地(即通常指单程)。如 I wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你一路顺风。 He mad

19、e a journey to Beijing. 他去北京旅行了。 注journey 有时并不指真正意义的“旅行”而只是表示走过一段距离。 如How long is your journey to work? 你上班要走多远? 3). trip 通常指近距离的为了办事或消遣而进行旅行并且往往要回到出发点(即指双程)不过有时 trip 也可指远距离的长途旅行可与 journey 换用比 journey 更通俗。 如AWhere is John? 约翰在哪里? BHes on a trip to Shanghai. 他去上海旅行了。 Hell make a round-the-world trip.

20、 他将周游世界。 2.There can be more than one answer. more than= over 超过 3. Tomorrow Ill be one of the first students to travel into the space. one of the first students .的其中之一 , 此机构中的中心名词要用可数名词的复数。 如He is one of the top students. 他是尖子生之一。 space, place, room的用法区别 三者均可表示“空地”、“空间”区别如下： 1). 泛指一般意义的“空地”或“空间”spa

21、ce 和 room 均可以用但前者根据情况可用作可数或不可数名词而后者通常只用作不可数名词。 如The large table takes up too much space room. 这张大桌子太占地方了。 There isnt enough space room for all our luggage. 没有足够的地方可以放我们的行李。 Here is an empty place, put the box here. 这里有个空地方把箱子放在这里吧。 注place 表示“太空”、“宇宙”是不可数名词而 room 表示“房间”是可数名词。 He was staring into spac

22、e. 他极目远眺。 This is one of the largest rooms here. 这是这里最大的房间之一。 2). place 表示“空地”其含义通常比较具体且往往指座位有时与 seat 同义。如 Well try to get places (=seats) at the front of the hall. 我们要设法弄到大厅前面的座位。 There are only two places (=seats) left for tonight. 今晚只剩两个座位。 AIs there any room space in the boat? 船上有空处吗? BYes, that

23、 place in the corner is empty. 在那边角落里还有个空位。 4.The spaceship will leave the Earth at 9 a.m. “leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如 When did you leave Shanghai? -你什么时候离开上海的 “leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如 Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 “leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如 Why are you leaving Shanghai for

24、 Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京 5.It will take us to the Moon. take. to. 带.去. 6.The Moon is around 380,000 kilometers from the Earth ,so itll take us about four days to get there. around = about 大约 it take sb. some time to do sth. =sb spend some time doing sth. / on sth. 某人花了多长时间做某事it 在此句型中作形式主语动词不定式为真正的主语如

25、It will take him an hour to finish all his homework. = He will spend an hour finishing/on all his homework. 完成所有的家庭作业将花费他一个小时。 get to , arrive , reach 的用法 三者均可表示“到达”区别如下 arrive 和 get 都是不及物动词前者较正式后者则较口语化。两者之后均不可接宾语但可接 here, there, home 之类的表地点的副词作状语。如 What time does the train arrive? 火车什么时候到? We got a

26、rrived here last night. 我们昨晚到这儿。 要表示“到达某地”需借助适当介词 1. arrive 之后通常接介词 at (一般用于较小的地方)或 in (一般用于较大的地方)。如 We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我们到车站晚了 5 分钟。 They will arrive in Paris next Monday. 他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎。 1. get 之后通常接介词 to。如When we got to the park, it began to rain. 我们到达公园时就开始下雨了。 在谈到火车、汽车等

27、或乘客等到站时通常用 get in。如 The bus gets in at five thirty. 汽车五点半到站。 reach 通常是及物动词(较 get 更正式)其后可直接跟地点名词作宾语(不能用介词)。如 He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。 注reach 之后也可接 here, there, home 等词。如 When did he reach home yesterday? 昨天他什么时候到家? 顺便说一句reach 除可表示到达某地外还用于其它意义的到达。如 Your letter reached me last week. 我是上周收

28、到你的信的。 He has reached school age. 他已达到上学年龄。 You can guess it when you reach the end of the chapter. 当你读到这末尾时你就可以猜到了。 7.There is no gravity in space. There be 句型be动词的形式根据其后所跟名词的单复数遵循主谓一致的原则如 There is 可数名词单数或不可数名词 There is an apple on the table. There is some water in the bottle. There are 可数名词的复数 The

29、re are two apples on the chair. 8. So we will all be able to float around in the spaceship. 比较: be able to与 can 1can表示能力可能 (过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。 be able to可以用于各种时态。 They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。 2只用be able to a. 位于助动词后, b. 情态动词后, c. 表示过去某时刻动作时, d. 用于句首表示条件, e. 表

30、示成功地做了某事时只能用was/were able to 不能用could。 He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out. 9.-Well have to tie ourselves to our beds so that we wont float away in our sleep! must和have to用法比较讲解: 1must表示“必须”“应该”。否定式must not(mustnt)表示“不应该”“禁止”等。在回答

31、带有must的问句时否定式常用need not(neednt)或dont have to 表示“不必”而不用must not (mustnt)。 The work must be finished as soon as possible.这件工作必须尽快完成。 You mustnt speak like that.你不能那样说话。 Must I be home before eight oclock? 8点之前我必须回家吗 Yes, you must./No, you neednt./No, you dont have to. 是的必须回家。/不不必了。 2must表推测 一般只用于肯定句中译

32、成汉语“一定”“必定”。 There must be some mistakes.肯定有一些错误。 You must be very tired.你一定很累了。 如果表示对过去事情的推测就用must+完成时。 You must have left your umbrella in the theatre.你一定把雨伞丢在剧院里了。 His car is still here. He must have gone by bus.他的车还在这里他一定乘公共汽车走了。 当must表推测之意时其否定形式常用can not而不用must not。 He cant have been to your ho

33、me. He doesnt know your address.他不可能到过你家因为他不知道你的住址。 What can he be doing at this time of night?夜晚都到这个时候了他究竟在干什么呢?3must表必然性 You must catch cold if you dont put on more clothes.如果你不多穿些衣服必然感冒。 All men must die.人固有一死。 Truth must be out.真相总会大白。 4have to表示“必须”“不得不”在这个意义上与must很接近但must表示的是说话人的主观看法而have to 表

34、示的却是客观需要。 I have to go now.我得走了。客观需要 I must go now.我必须走。主观看法 You have to work hard to make a living.为了谋生你就得努力工作。客观需要 You must do what I tell you.你必须按照我告诉你的去做。主观要求 5have to 有更多的时态形式现在时过去时将来时等而must只有现在时形式。 We had to be there at 8.我们得8点到那里。 I shall have to go to school tomorrow.明天我得去上学了。so that 以便引导目的状

35、语从句 I get up early today so that I can catch the first bus to work. 我今天早起以便能赶上去上班的头班车。 10.Without gravity, our bodies may get weak,so well have to do exercises every day. Without gravity=If there is no gravity, our bodies may get weak. 如果没有万有引力我们的身体将变得很虚弱。 11.Ill have to wear a spacesuit to help me

36、breathe because theres no air on the Moon. wear, dress, dress up, in, put on的用法小结: 都含有“穿、戴”之意但用法不同。 wear “穿着戴着”表示状态宾语可以是衣帽也可以是饰物、奖章等。例如：Youd better wear blue or black pants with blown shoes. 穿棕色鞋子的时候, 最好要穿蓝色或黑色裤子。 Why does he often wear dark sunglasses? 他为什么经常戴着深色的太阳镜 dress的宾语通常是人意思是“给穿衣服”。dress one

37、self 或 get dressed表示给自己 穿衣服。例如： My son is now able to dress himself. 我儿子现在自己会穿衣服了。 Its time to wake up and get dressed! 该起床穿衣服了。 dress up的意思是“盛装打扮、乔装打扮”。 例如：Id like you to dress up for my birthday party tonight. 今晚我希望你为我的生日派对打扮打扮。 Young kids often dress up and have fun at Halloween. 万圣节前夜，小孩子通常都乔装打扮

38、玩得很开心。 in是介词后接表示衣服或颜色的词着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能 作表语或定语。例如：This is a picture of a young man in a black coat. 这是一张穿着黑色外套的年轻人的照片。这里in a black coat是young man的定语。 He is in a black nylon jacket today. 今天他穿着黑色尼龙夹克。 In a black nylon jacket在这个句子里作表语。 put on “穿上、戴上”强调“穿”“戴”的动作后接衣服、鞋帽等。例如：I want you to put on thi

39、s coat and this hat. 我要你穿这件外套戴这顶帽子。 Put on your heavy winter coat if you are going out. 如果你要出去穿上你的厚冬衣。 help sb. (to) do =help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 breath (n.) 呼吸 相关短语deep breath深呼吸 take a deep breath深呼吸 out of breath喘不过气来上气不接下气 。用法：His breath was steadied in his sleep. 睡着之后他的呼吸变得均匀平缓了。 breathe (v.)

40、相关短语 breathe in吸入 breathe out呼出breathe freely透气安心 breathe deeply深呼吸 12.Im going to take as many photos as I can, that is , if my camera still works up there. as many photos as I can = as many photos as possible 尽可能多的照片 that is= thats to say=It means.也就是说.一般将来时1用be doing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位

41、置转移的动词。 如：go，come，leave，arrive等，也可用于其他动作动词。 We are having fish for dinner. We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow. 这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，如果不带时间状语，则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。 A: Where are you going? B: I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me? A: Yes，I am just coming. Wait for me.2用be goi

42、ng to do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示“意图”，即打算在最近的将来或将来进行某事。Are you going to post that letter? How long is he going to stay here? I am going to book a ticket. 另一意义是表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。 Its going to rain. George is putting on weight; he is going to be quite fat.3. 用will/ shall do表示将来： 一是表示预见 You will feel better after taking this medicine. Do y