压电加速度传感器.doc
《压电加速度传感器.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《压电加速度传感器.doc(16页珍藏版)》请在沃文网上搜索。
1、摘 要现代工业和自动化生产过程中,非电物理量的测量和控制技术会涉及大量的动态测试问题。所谓动态测试是指量的瞬时值以及它随时间而变化的值的确定,也就是被测量为变量的连续测量过程。它以动态信号为特征,研究了测试系统的动态特性问题。而动态测试中振动和冲击的精确测量又显得尤其重要。振动与冲击测量的核心是传感器,对于冲击和振动信号的获取,最常见的是用压电加速度传感器。世界各国作为量值传递标准的高频和中频振动基准的标准加速度传感器就是压电式加速度传感器。由此可见,质量优良的压电加速度传感器在精度、长时间稳定性等方面都是有独到之处的。压电加速度传感器可以看作是一个能产生电荷的高内阻发电元件。但是此电荷量很小
2、,不能用一般的测量电路来进行测量,因为一般的测量电路的输入阻抗总是较小的,压电片上的电荷通过测量电路时会被输入电阻迅速泄漏引入测量误差,影响测量效果。如果压电加速度传感器没有与之配套的测量电路一起配合使用,那么压电加速度传感器的广泛应用就会受到非常大的限制。因此,与之配套的测量电路的研究及其硬件实现就显得非常重要。目前最常用的压电加速度传感器的测量电路就是电荷放大器,它能得到与输入电荷成比例的电压输出。它的特点之一就是使传感器的灵敏度和电缆长度无关,电缆可长达几千米,而在被测对象附近只有一个小的传感器。这对使用者来说非常方便。但是现在的电荷放大器电路都比较复杂,机器价格都比较高,性价比不是很理
3、想,这些因素都严重影响了压电加速度传感器的广泛使用,所以研制一种性价比较高的、实用的电荷放大器就非常的有必要。本文针对上述情况,对传感器的测量电路做了深入的研究工作,分析了各种测量电路的特点,提出采用一种集成芯片来取代大量分离元件实现电荷转换电路的设想,通过实验验证本设计的可行性和可靠性,对存在的干扰信号做了细致的理论分析,并采取相关办法进行解决,最后和标准电荷放大器的性能进行对比。实验结果表明本设计是可行的。关键词:压电加速度传感器 测量电路 电荷放大器 TLO8AbstractModern industrial and automation of the production proces
4、s, non-electric physical measurement and control technology will involve a large number of Dynamic test. The so-called dynamic testing means to determine the amount of the instantaneous value and its value varies with time is measured for the continuous measurement of the process variable. It is cha
5、racterized by dynamic signal, the test system Dynamic characteristics. Dynamic test accurate measurement of vibration and shock is particularly important. Vibration and Chong Chance measured core is a sensor for shock and vibration signal acquisition, the most common is to use a piezoelectric accele
6、rometer Sensors. The world as a value transfer standards high and medium frequency reference standard acceleration sensor Piezoelectric acceleration sensor. Thus, the excellent quality of the piezoelectric acceleration sensor accuracy, longTime stability is something unique to offer. The piezoelectr
7、ic acceleration sensor can be regarded as a generating High internal resistance of the charge generating components. However, this very small amount of electric charge, and not use the measuring circuit to be measured, Usually the input impedance of the measuring circuit are always smaller, when the
8、 charge on the piezoelectric sheet by the measurement circuitIs input resistor leak rapidly introduce measurement errors affecting the measurement results. If the piezoelectric acceleration sensor is notThe ancillary measurement circuit used in conjunction with a wide range of applications of piezoe
9、lectric accelerometer would be Very large limitations. Therefore, the the accompanying measurement circuit and its hardware implementation is very important.Currently, the most commonly used piezoelectric acceleration sensor measuring circuit is a charge amplifier can be obtained input powerCharge p
10、roportional to the voltage output. One of its features is to make the sensitivity of the sensor and cable regardless of the length of the electrical The cable can be up to several kilometers, while in the vicinity of the object to be measured, only a small sensor. This user is veryConvenient. But no
11、w the charge amplifier circuit is more complex, higher than the price of the machine, the price is not very satisfactory, these factors have a serious impact on the widespread use of the piezoelectric acceleration sensor, and so develop a higher bid, practical charge amplifier is very necessary. For
12、 the above, the sensor The measuring circuit to do a thorough research work, the analysis of the characteristics of the various measurement circuit is proposed to adopt a set Into the chip to replace a large number of separate components to achieve the charge conversion circuit is envisaged that the
13、 present design can be verified by experiment Feasibility and reliability, a detailed theoretical analysis of the existence of the interference signal, and take approach solution Summary, the final performance of the amplifier and the standard charge of contrast. The experimental results indicate th
14、at the present design is feasible.Key words: Piezoelectric acceleration sensor measuring circuit charge amplifier TLO8图表清单图1-1 测试系统的组成-图1-2 压电加速度传感器动态测量系统-图2-1 电桥电路-图2-2 四个桥臂同时工作的直流电桥-图2-3 两个相邻臂工作的电桥-图2-4 两个相对臂工作的电桥-图2-5 变压器式电桥电路图2-6 紧祸合电感臂电桥图2-7 紧祸合电感臂四端网络和T型网路图2-8 紧祸合电感臂等效电路图2-9 电容式传感器的等效电路图2-10 双
15、T二极管交流电桥图2-11 双T二极管电桥等效电路图2-12 运算放大器式电路图2-13 调频一鉴频电路原理图图3-1 晶体的压电效应图3-2 压电加速度传感器原理图图3-3 作用于压电元件两边的力图3-4 压电加速度传感器的等效电路图3-5 压电加速度传感器测试系统等效电路图3-6 压电加速度传感器简化电路图3-7 简化后的压电加速度传感器电压等效电路图3-8 电荷放大器示意图图4-1 传感器与电荷放大器连接的等效电路图图4-2 电荷放大器电压源实际等效测量电路图4-3 电荷放大器等效电路图图4-4 输入电缆影响的等效电路图4-5 电荷放大器框图图4-6 电荷转换部分电路图4-7 干扰源等效
16、电路图图4-8 适调放大电路原理图4-9 电荷转换电路及适调放大电路图4-10 有源滤波电路原理图图4-11 无源滤波器原理图图4-12 有源滤波器电流回路图图4-13 高通滤波和同相放大电路原理图图4-14 过载指示电路原理图图4-15 过载电路输出特性图4-16 稳压电源电路图4-17 本电荷放大器的主要电路图4-18 ICL7135和ICM7212的接口电路图图5-1 实验装置框图图5-2 实验波形和标准电荷放大器输出波形图5-3 有工频干扰下的信号频谱图5-4 标准电荷放大器TS5865的信号频谱图5-5 屏蔽工频干扰后的信号频谱图5-6 未加低通滤波时本设计的信号频谱图5-7 标准电
17、荷放大器低通上限截止频率为lOK Hz时的信号频谱图5-8 加了1K Hz有源低通滤波器后本设计的信号频谱图5-9 标准电荷放大器低通上限截止频率为1KHz时的信号频谱图5-10 都有1KHz低通滤波的两路信号波形图5-11 标准电荷放大器的直流分量分析图5-12 本设计未加高通滤波器时信号图5-13 本设计加高通滤波器后的信号表1 在不同加速度下本设计和TS5865的电压值比较表2 在不同频率下本设计和标准电荷放大器的灵敏度比值1 前 言1. 1 压电加速度传感器在动态测试中的意义随着现代科学技术的迅猛发展,非电物理量的测量与控制技术,已越来越广泛地应用于航天、航空、常规武器、船舶、交通运输
- 1.请仔细阅读文档,确保文档完整性,对于不预览、不比对内容而直接下载带来的问题本站不予受理。
- 2.下载的文档,不会出现我们的网址水印。
- 3、该文档所得收入(下载+内容+预览)归上传者、原创作者;如果您是本文档原作者,请点此认领!既往收益都归您。
下载文档到电脑,查找使用更方便
20 积分
下载 | 加入VIP,下载更划算! |
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 压电 加速度 传感器