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1、Switching power supply and application of classification Abstract: High-frequency switching power supply is the development direction of high-frequency switching power supply so that smaller, and switching power supply to enter a wider range of application areas, especially in the high-tech fields,

2、and promote the miniaturization of high-tech products, of Light. In addition the power switch in the development and application of energy conservation, resource conservation and environmental protection are of great significance Key words: small-scale high-frequency switching power supply 1 Introdu

3、ction With the power to tell the development of electronic technology, power electronics equipment and people working and living increasingly close relationship, and the electronic equipment can not be separated from a reliable power supply, computer power supply into the 80s the full realization of

4、 the switching power supply, and the first complete computer Power generation, switching power supply into the 90s have access to a variety of electronic, electrical equipment, program-controlled switchboards, communications, electronic test equipment power supply, power supply and other control dev

5、ices are widely used in switching power supply, switching power supply also promoted the rapid development of technology . Switching power supply is the use of modern power electronic technology, opening of control switch transistor turn-off time and the ratio of the output voltage to maintain a sta

6、ble power supply, switching power supply in general by the pulse width modulation (PWM) control IC and MOSFET pose. Switching power supplies and linear power supply compared with the costs of both the increase in output growth, but growth rate varied between the two. Power costs in a linear output p

7、ower point, rather than switching power supply, the cost of reversal points. With the development of power electronics technology and innovation, making switching power supply technology in the continuous innovation, the cost to the low inversion point of an increasingly mobile terminal output power

8、, switching power supply which provides a broad space for development. High-frequency switching power supply is the direction of its development, high-frequency switching power of miniaturization, and switching power supply to enter a wider range of application areas, especially in the high-tech fie

9、lds, and promote the miniaturization of high-tech products, light of. In addition the power switch in the development and application of energy conservation, resource conservation and environmental protection are of great significance. 2 Classification of Switching Power Supply It is the switching p

10、ower supply side of technology is related to the development of power electronic devices, while the development of frequency switching technology, the two promote each other to promote the switching power supply in excess of double-digit annual growth rate towards the light, small, thin, low-noise,

11、high reliability, interference direction. Switching power supply can be divided into AC / DC and DC / DC two categories, DC / DC converters has been the realization of modular design and technology and production technology at home and abroad have been mature and standardized, and has been recognize

12、d by users, but AC / DC modular, which makes the characteristics of their own modular process, encountered a more complex issue of technology and process. The following were the two types of switching power supply for the structure and characteristics in order to elaborate. 2.1 DC / DC conversion DC

13、 / DC conversion is to transform a fixed DC voltage into a variable DC voltage, also known as the DC chopper. The work of chopper in two ways, first, the same pulse-width modulation Ts, change ton (GM), and the other is the frequency modulation, ton unchanged, changes in Ts (easy to interference). T

14、he specific circuit by the following categories: (1) Buck circuit - step-down chopper, the output voltage Uo is less than the average input voltage Ui, the same polarity. (2) Boost Circuit - Step-up chopper, the output voltage Uo is greater than the average input voltage Ui, the same polarity. (3) B

15、uck-Boost Circuit - step-down or step-up chopper, the output voltage Uo average is greater than or less than the input voltage Ui, polar opposite, inductive transmission. (4) Cuk circuits - step-down or step-up chopper, the output voltage Uo the average input voltage is greater than or less than the

16、 UI, the opposite polarity, capacitance transmission. Soft-switching technology allows todays DC / DC have taken place in a qualitative leap in design and manufacture of the United States VICOR Inc. ECI multiple soft-switching DC / DC converter, the maximum output power of 300W, 600W, 800W and so on

17、, the corresponding power density of (6 , 2,10,17) W/cm3, efficiency (80-90)%. Japans new NemicLambda a soft-switching technology using high-frequency switching power supply module RM Series, its switching frequency (200 300) kHz, power density has reached 27 W/cm3, the use of synchronous rectifiers

18、 (MOS-FET in place of Shaw Schottky diodes), the efficiency of the entire circuit to 90%. 2.2 AC / DC conversion AC / DC conversion is to transform the exchange for the DC, the power flow can be two-way flow of power flow from the power load referred to as the rectification, power flow from load to

19、return to power as active inverter. AC / DC converter input AC 50/60Hz, as must be approved by the rectifier, filter, so the relatively large size of the filter capacitor is necessary, while having the safety standards (such as UL, CCEE, etc.) and EMC Directive restrictions (such as IEC, FCC, CSA),

20、AC input side must EMC filter and the use of the components in compliance with safety standards, so that restrictions on AC / DC power supply of the small size of the other, because of the internal high-frequency, high voltage, high current switching action, making the issue of electromagnetic compa

21、tibility EMC solution more difficult, it is installed on the internal high-density circuit design of high demands, for the same reason, high-voltage, high current switching power supply makes the work of increased consumption, limiting AC / DC converter in the process of modular, it is necessary to

22、optimize the use of power system design efficiency in order to make it a satisfactory degree of certainty. AC / DC conversion by the circuit can be divided into the connection mode, half-wave circuit, full-wave circuit. Press the power phase can be divided into several, single, three-phase, multi-ph

23、ase. By the circuit can be divided into quadrants of a quadrant or two quadrants, three quadrants, the four quadrants. 3 Switching Power Supply Selection Switching power supply in the importation of anti-interference performance, due to its own structural characteristics of the circuit (multi-class

24、series), general disturbance, such as input voltage surges through it is very difficult, in the output voltage stability indicator of the technology with a linear power supply with greater than the advantage of stability of its output voltage up to (0.5 1)%. Switching power supply module as an integ

25、rated power electronics devices, should be paid attention in the selection of the following: 3.1 The choice of output current Due to the high efficiency switching power supply is generally more than 80% can be achieved, it is in its choice of output current should be accurately measured or calculate

26、d the maximum absorption of electrical equipment current, so that the switching power supply has been selected with a high cost performance, output is usually calculated as: Is = KIf Type in: Is-switching power supply rated output current; If-power device current maximum absorption; K-margin coeffic

27、ient, generally 1.5 1.8; 3.2 Grounding Than the linear power supply switching power supply will have more interference, common mode interference to sensitive electrical equipment, grounding and shielding should take measures, in accordance with ICE1000. EN61000. FCC restrictions, such as EMC, have t

28、aken the shape of switching power supply electromagnetic compatibility EMC measures, it should in general be a switching power supply electromagnetic compatibility EMC filter. Such as technology leader Huafu HA series switching power supply, its FG terminal users to access the land or access case, i

29、n order to meet the electromagnetic compatibility requirements. 3.3 Protection Circuit Switching power supply design must have over-current, overheating, short circuit protection function, etc., it should be the first choice in the design of the protection functions of the switching power supply mod

30、ule, and the protection circuit should be consistent with the technical parameters of electrical equipment operating characteristics to match in order to avoid damage to electrical equipment or switching power supply. 4 of switching power supply technology developments Switching power supply is the

31、development direction of high-frequency, high reliability, low consumption, low noise, interference and modular. Switching power supply as a result of light, small, thin is the key technology of high-frequency, switching power supply, therefore the major foreign manufacturers are committed to synchr

32、onize the development of new high-intelligent components, in particular, is to improve the wear and tear pieces of the second rectifier and power Ferrite (Mn-Zn) materials to increase scientific and technological innovation, in order to enhance the high frequency and a larger magnetic flux density (

33、Bs) to obtain high magnetic properties, and the small capacitor is also a key technology. SMT technology allows switching power supply has made considerable progress, in the circuit board layout of components on both sides to ensure that the switching power supply of light, small, thin. High-frequen

34、cy switching power supply will be bound to the traditional PWM switch technology innovation, to achieve ZVS, ZCS soft-switching technology of switching power supply has become a mainstream technology, and a substantial increase in the efficiency of a switching power supply. For the high-reliability

35、index, the U.S. manufacturer of switching power supply by reducing the operating current and lower junction temperature devices, such as measures to reduce stress, making the reliability of products increased substantially. Modular switching power supply is the general trend of development can be co

36、mposed of modular distributed power supply system can be designed to N +1 redundant power systems, and ways to achieve the capacity to expand in parallel. Switching power supply for operation of the shortcomings of large noise, if the individual pursuit of its high-frequency noise will also with the

37、 increased use of part of resonant circuit technology, can be realized in theory of high-frequency noise can be reduced, but some resonant conversion technology in practical applications there are still technical problems in this area it is still a great deal of work carried out in order to allow th

38、e technology to practical use. Power electronics technology innovation, industry switching power supply so that there are broad prospects for development. To speed up the switching power supply industry in Chinas pace of development, must follow the path of technological innovation on the road with

39、Chinese characteristics out of the joint research development, for the rapid development of Chinas national economy to contribute.开关电源和分类中的应用 摘要：高频开关电源的高频开关电源的发展方向，使小，开关电源进入更广泛的应用领域，特别是在高科技领域，促进了小型化高高新技术产品，轻。此外，在开发和节约能源，资源节约和环境保护中的应用电源开关具有重要意义 关键词：小型高频开关电源 1简介 随着权力告诉电子技术的发展，电力电子设备和个人的工作和生活越来越密切的关系，以

40、及电子设备都离不开从可靠的电力供应到80，电脑电源供应器的对开关电源的充分实现供应，以及第一个完整的计算机发电，转换成90的电力供应已经进入了电子，电器设备的品种，程控交换机，通讯，电子测试设备供电，电力供应和其他控制装置，广泛应用于开关电源，开关电源也促进了技术的快速发展。开关电源是现代电力电子技术的应用，开放控制开关晶体管关断时间和输出电压的比率保持稳定的电力供应，开关一般由脉冲宽度调制（PWM）控制IC电源供应和MOSFET构成。开关电源与线性电源相比，无论是在产量增加的成本增长，但增长速度两者之间的不同。电力成本的线性输出功率点，而不是交换式电源供应，反转点的成本。随着电力电子技术和创

41、新发展，在不断创新使开关电源技术，对日益增加的移动终端的输出功率低反转点成本，交换式电源供应器提供了一个广阔的发展空间。 高频开关电源是其发展方向，高频开关电源的小型化，以及开关电源进入更广泛的应用领域，特别是在高科技领域，促进小型化高科技产品，光的。此外，在开发和节约能源，资源节约和环境保护中的应用电源开关具有重要意义。 2开关电源的分类 这是开关电源技术的供给方是关系到电力电子设备的开发，而高频开关技术的发展，两国相互促进，以促进实现在光的双位数的年增长率excess开关电源，小，薄，低噪声，高可靠性，抗干扰的方向。开关电源可分为AC / DC和直流/直流两类，直流/直流一直处于国内的模块

42、化设计和实现技术和生产技术和国外的成熟和规范的转换器，并受到用户的认可，但交流/直流模块，这使得他们自己的模块化过程的特点，遇到了一系列的技术和工艺更为复杂的问题。下面是开关电源的两个类型的结构和特点，以便详细说明。 2.1直流/直流转换 直流/直流转换是把一可变直流电压固定的直流电压，直流斩波器也被称为。在两个方面的工作菜刀，首先，同一脉冲宽度调制给付，更改吨（GM）的，另一个是频率调制，吨不变，在TS（易干扰）的变化。由下列类型的具体电路： （1）降压电路 - 降压斩波器，输出电压Uo高于平均输入电压Ui，极性相同的少。 （2）Boost电路 - 升压斩波器，输出电压Uo高于平均输入电压U

43、i，相同的极性更大。 （3）降压升压电路 - 降压或升压斩波器，输出电压Uo平均值大于或小于输入电压Ui，极性相反，电感传输少。 （4）的Cuk电路 - 降压或升压斩波器，输出电压Uo平均输入电压大于或小于的用户界面，极性相反，电容传输少。 软交换技术使今天的直流/直流竟然发生在一个质的飞跃，发生在设计和制造美国Vicor的公司多雇用成本指数软开关直流/直流转换器，300W的最大输出功率，功率600W，800W的等，相应的功率密度（6，2,10,17）W/cm3，效率（80-90）。日本新NemicLambda软交换技术采用高频开关电源模块RM系列，其开关频率（200300）千赫，功率密度已达

44、到27 W/cm3，对法（MOS - FET的同步整流器的地方使用肖肖特基二极管），整个电路的效率为90。 2.2交流/直流转换 交流/直流转换转换为直流，交流电源，可流动的双向功率流的电力负荷流称为“整风”的，由负载功率流回流，“有源逆变电源。 “交流/直流转换器输入AC 50/60Hz的，因为必须经整流，滤波，所以比较大的滤波电容的大小是必要的，同时具有安全标准，如UL，CCEE认证，等等（）和电磁兼容指令如IEC，FCC的，修正案限制（），交流输入端必须EMC滤波器，以及在符合安全标准的组件使用，因此在交流的限制/直流的其他小规模的电源，因为内部高频率，高电压，大电流开关动作，使得电磁兼

45、容性EMC公司解决的问题更加困难，它是安装在内部的高密度电路设计的高要求，由于同样的原因，高电压，大电流开关供电使得消费增加的工作，限制AC / DC变换器中的模块化，它是必要的过程，以优化电源系统设计效率的使用，以使之成为明确的满意度。 交流/直流转换电路由可分为连接模式，半波电路，全波电路。按电源相数可分为单，三相，多阶段。由电路可以分为一象限或两个象限，三象限，四象限象限。 3开关电源的选择 开关中的抗干扰性能输入电源，由于其自身的电路（多类系列结构特点），一般干扰，如输入电压浪涌通过它是非常困难的输出电压的稳定性指标，技术与一个比其输出电压稳定的优势更加线性电源为（0.51）。作为一个

46、集成的开关电源电子设备的电源模块，应支付下列选择注意： 3.1输出电流的选择 由于高效率开关电源，一般超过80可以实现的，它在输出的选择是当前应准确测量或计算的电气设备的最大吸收电流，使开关电源已被选定的高性价比，输出通常计算方法如下： 是= KIf 键入：是开关电源额定输出电流; 如果功率器件的电流最大吸收; 钾保证金系数，一般1.51.8; 3.2接地 比线性电源开关电源将有更多的干扰，共同对敏感电子设备模干扰，接地和屏蔽应采取措施，按照与ICE1000。 EN61000标准。 FCC的限制，如EMC，已经采取了开关电源的电磁兼容性EMC的措施形状，它应该在一般情况下一个开关电源的电磁兼容

47、性EMC滤波器。房委会作为技术领导者华孚等一系列开关电源，其FG终端的用户访问该土地或访问的情况下，为了满足电磁兼容性要求。 3.3保护电路 开关电源的设计必须有过流，过热，短路保护功能等，它应该是在对开关电源模块的保护功能设计的第一选择，而保护电路应符合的技术电气设备的运行特性参数匹配，以避免损坏电气设备或开关电源。 4开关电源技术的发展 开关电源的高频率，高可靠性，低功耗，低噪声，抗干扰和模块化发展方向。作为光开关，小型结果电源，薄是高频率的关键技术，开关电源，因此主要的外国制造商都致力于同步的新的高智能组件的开发，特别是要改善磨损第二整流和功率铁氧体件（锰，锌）材料，以提高科技创新，以提

48、高高频率和较大磁通密度（Bs）为获取高磁性，和小电容也是一个关键技术。 SMT技术使开关电源取得了长足进展，双方保证在电路板的元件布局，轻，小，薄开关电源。高频开关电源将被绑定到传统的PWM开关技术创新，实现零电压，零电流软开关的开关电源技术已成为一种主流技术，在一个开关电源效率大幅提高。对于高可靠性指标，美国的开关电源，减少工作电流和更低的结温设备，如采取措施，减少压力，使制造商的产品的可靠性大大提高。 模块化开关电源是发展的大势所趋，可模块化分布式供电系统组成，可设计为N +1冗余电源系统，以及如何实现的能力，扩大在同时进行。开关电源的大型技术从噪声的缺点，如果其高频率的噪音也将个人的追求与谐振电路的技术使用的增长部分，可在高频theory实现，可以减少噪音，但一些有实际应用谐振转换技术仍然在这一领域的技术问题，它仍然是一个进行，以便使这项技术实际应用的大量工作。 电力电子技术的创新，开关电源等行业有广阔的发展前景。为了加快在中国的开关电源的发展步伐供应业，必须遵守中国的国民经济快速发展的技术创新具有中国特色的道路进行了联合研究的发展道路，作出贡献。