焦化废水(气浮+A2O)废水A2O.doc
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1、目录1设计总说明3DESIGN INSTRUCTION41 前 言61.1 焦化废水的主要来源61.2 焦化废水的特点61.3 焦化废水的危害71.4 设计任务71.4.1 设计规模71.4.2 处理程度72 流程确定92.1 概述92.2 焦化废水处理方法比较92.3 结论92.4主要工艺原理92.4.1 A2/O2工艺原理92.4.2 厌氧段(A1段)102.4.3 生物反硝化脱氮过程(A2段)102.4.4 好氧生物硝化过程(O1段)112.4.5接触氧化(O2)112.4.6 工艺特点122.5 工艺流程及说明122.5.1 工艺流程图122.5.2 污泥工艺122.6 工艺流程特点1
2、23 构筑物设计及计算143.1 格栅143.1.1 设计概述143.1.2 设计计算143.2 气浮池153.2.1 设计概述153.2.2 设计计算153.3 调节池173.3.1 设计概述173.3.2 设计计算173.4 A2/O处理部分173.5 生物接触氧化213.6 二沉池223.7 污泥浓缩池243.8 平面布置及高程计算253.8.1 平面布置253.8.2 高程布置263.8.3 高程计算264 结 论28致 谢29参考文献30设计总说明焦化废水是煤制焦碳、煤气净化及焦化产品回收过程中产生的废水,受原煤性质及焦化产品回收等诸多因素的影响, 焦化废水的成分非常复杂,突出的特点
3、是:氨氮浓度高、生物难降解有机物含量高、实际生产过程中的水质和水量变化大。传统的焦化废水治理采用活性污泥处理技术,该工艺对COD 和氨氮的去除效果不理想,难以使出水达标排放,给环境和人体带来危害。目前焦化废水一般按常规方法先进行预处理,然后进行生物脱酚二次处理。但是,焦化废水经上述处理后,外排废水中氰化物、COD及氨氮等指标仍然很难达标。针对这种状况,近年来国内外学者开展了大量的研究工作,找到了许多比较有效的焦化废水治理技术。这些方法大致分为生物法、化学法、物化法和循环利用等4类。生物处理法是利用微生物氧化分解废水中有机物的方法,常作为焦化废水处理系统中的二级处理。目前,活性污泥法是一种应用最
4、广泛的焦化废水好氧生物处理技术。这种方法是让生物絮凝体及活性污泥与废水中的有机物充分接触;溶解性的有机物被细胞所吸收和吸附,并最终氧化为最终产物(主要是CO2)。非溶解性有机物先被转化为溶解性有机物,然后被代谢和利用。总的来看,生物法具有废水处理量大、处理范围广、运行费用相对较低等优点,改进后的新技术使焦化废水处理达到了工程应用要求,从而使得该技术在国内外广泛采用。将高浓度的焦化废水脱酚,净化除去固体沉淀和轻质焦油后,送往焦炉熄焦,实现酚水闭路循环。从而减少了排污,降低了运行等费用。但是此时的污染物转移问题也值得考虑。目前要达到确定的治理目的,主要方法有“SBR工艺”“硝化和反硝化工艺”以及“
5、A/O”和“活性污泥法系统”A2/O废水处理工艺是焦化厂在工艺改造时大多采用的二级处理工艺,是化学好氧量(COD)降解与硝化反硝化反应在焦化废水处理过程中的应用。在A2/O法中增加厌氧段可减轻后续反硝化一硝化过程中NO2-N的积累,同时酸化(厌氧) 作用将部分难降解有机物转化为易降解有机物,提高了可生化性,为缺氧段提供了较好的碳源。它解决了传统的活性污泥法不能脱除氨氮问题,使氨氨达标排放,同时降低了COD出水指标。本设计以气浮作为预处理,主要去除挥发性酚,二级处理过程采用A2/O去除氨氮,最后使用生物接触氧化池进行进一步处理,出水达到国家二级排放标准。关键词:焦化废水;气浮; A2/O; 生物
6、接触氧化DESIGN INSTRUCTIONCoking effluent is a kind of intractable waste water which are from the process of making coke,purifying coal gas and recovering the coke products. Components are complex in Coking effluent, in which contains high concentration of ammonia-nitrogen and a number of toxic and diff
7、icult decompounded organic compounds. Great changes usually happened to the quality of water and the flow of water. Conventional Coking effluent treatment processes adopted activated sludge method, though which the removal of COD and ammonia-nitrogen were dissatisfied and the effluent concentration
8、couldnt attain the standards of draining wastewater. These brought severe harm to our environment and the health of human.At present coking effluent generally be carried out by conventional methods pretreatment and then secondary treatment of phenol removal. However, after this treatment, the cyanid
9、e, COD and ammonia, and other indicators are still very difficult target. In this situation, domestic and foreign scholars carried out a great deal of research work to find a lot more effective coking wastewater treatment technology in recent years. These methods broadly divided into four categories
10、, they are biological, chemical, physical and chemical laws and recycling.Biological treatment method is the use of microbial decomposition of organic matter in waste water ways, often as a coke plant wastewater treatment system in secondary treatment. At present, the activated sludge is the most ex
11、tensive application of a coking aerobic wastewater treatment technology. This method is to let biological floc and activated sludge and the organic matter in waste water full access; dissolved organic matter was absorbed by the cells and adsorption, and ultimately of the final product (mainly CO2).
12、Non-soluble organic compounds to be converted to dissolved organic matter, then metabolism and utilization.Overall, biological methods of waste water treatment capacity to handle a wide range of relatively low operating cost advantages, improve the new technology to meet the coking wastewater treatm
13、ent works application requirements, making the technology widely used at home and abroad.Will be high concentration of phenol from coking wastewater to purify the removal of solid tar and light precipitation, rushed to put out coke oven coke, and phenol-house water cycle. Thereby reducing emissions
14、reduced operating expenses. But at this time of the transfer of pollutants should also be considered. To achieve the current set of governance purposes, the main method SBR process, nitrification and denitrification process and A / O and activated sludge systemA2/O wastewater treatment process is us
15、ed to reconstruct the coking effluent treatment devise, by many coal&coking works. In A2/O, the crease of anaerobic can reduce the follow-up of a nitrification denitrification in the course of the accumulation of NO2-N, while part of refractory organic matter in acidification role will be into easil
16、y degradable organic matter and improve the biodegradability, provide a better hypoxia of the carbon for hypoxia paragraph. That is the apply of the COD removing and nitrification-denitrification in the process of the coking effluent treatment. It can remove the ammonia nitrogen, and make the ammoni
17、a nitrogen in the water coming out of the treatment devise reach the discharge criteria, and also reduce the COD.The author use gas float as pretreatment to wipe off volatile hydroxybenzene, the secondary manage process adopt A2/O way to wipe off ammonia, at last biology osculate oxygenation pond is
18、 used to dispose more ,then the water can reach the secondary discharge criteria of our countyKey words: coking effluent, gas float, A2/O, biology osculate oxygenation1 前 言1.1 焦化废水的主要来源焦化废水主要来自焦化厂,化学成分十分复杂,含有多种难以被微生物降解或有生物毒性的有机物以及大量的铵盐、硫化物、氰化物等无机盐类,是很难净化处理的一类有机工业废水,焦化废水如果排入水体,将会造成严重的水体污染。因此,焦化废水处理已成
19、为当今工业废水处理的重点和难点之一,也是当前工业废水处理的热点研究领域之一。焦化废水的来源主要有:煤夹带入水,反应生成水和焦化产品蒸馏、洗涤加入的蒸汽和新鲜水,在与煤气和产品水接触后冷凝或分离出来的废水,包括集气管喷淋分离液和初冷液组成的剩余氨水;氨水工艺中洗氨的富氨水。这两部分废水蒸氨(回收)后排出。硫氨工艺中的终冷洗苯水;苯、焦油、古马隆等化工产品加工的分离水。焦化生产过程中排放出大量含酚、氰、油、氨氮等有毒、有害物质的废水。焦化废水主要来自炼焦和煤气净化过程及化工产品的精制过程,其中以蒸氦过程中产生的剩余氨水为主要来源。蒸氨废水是混合剩余氨水蒸馏后所排出的废水。剩余氨水是焦化厂最重要的酚
20、氰废水源,是含氨的高浓度酚水,由冷凝鼓风工段循环氨水泵排出,送往剩余氨水贮槽。剩余氨水主要由三部分组成:装炉煤表面的湿存水、装炉煤干馏产生的化合水和添加入吸煤气管道和集气管循环氧水泵内的含油工艺废水。剩余氨水总量可按装炉煤 14计。剩余氨水在贮槽中与其它生产装置送来的工艺废水混合后,称为混合剩余氨水。混合剩余氨水的去向,有的是直接蒸氨,有的是先脱酚后蒸氨,有的是与富氨水合在一起蒸氨,还有的是与脱硫富液一起脱酸菜氨,脱酸蒸氨前要进行过滤除油。焦化厂还含一些其它废水,其所占比例不大,污染指标也较低。1.2 焦化废水的特点焦化废水所含污染物包括酚类、多环芳香族化合物及含氮、氧、硫的杂环化合物等,是一
21、种典型的含有难降解的有机化合物的工业废水。焦化废水中的易降解有机物主要是酚类化合物和苯类化合物,砒咯、萘、呋喃、眯唑类属于可降解类有机物。难降解的有机物主要有砒啶、咔唑、联苯、三联苯等。 焦化废水的水质因各厂工艺流程和生产操作方式差异很大而不同。一般焦化厂的蒸氨废水水质如下:CODCr30003800mg/L、酚600900mg/L、氰 10mg/L、油 5070mg/L、氨氮 300mg/L 左右。如果 CODCr 按 3500mg/L 计,氨氮按 280mg/L计,则每吨焦炭最少可产生0.65kgCODcr 和0.05kg 氨氮,全国机焦产量为7000 万吨,则每年可产生45500 吨CO
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