International-Economics--8e-(Krugman)国际经济学.doc

《International-Economics--8e-(Krugman)国际经济学.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《International-Economics--8e-(Krugman)国际经济学.doc（17页珍藏版）》请在沃文网上搜索。

1、International Economics, 8e (Krugman) 17Chapter 4 Resources, Comparative Advantage, and Income Distribution4.1 A Model of a Two-Factor Economy1) In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, an influx of workers from across the border would A) move the point of production along the production possi

2、bility curve. B) shift the production possibility curve outward, and increase the production of both goods. C) shift the production possibility curve outward and decrease the production of the labor-intensive product. D) shift the production possibility curve outward and decrease the production of t

3、he capital-intensive product. E) None of the above. Answer: D Question Status: Previous Edition2) In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the two countries differ in A) tastes. B) military capabilities. C) size. D) relative availabilities of factors of production. E) labor productivities. Ans

4、wer: D Question Status: Previous Edition3) One way in which the Heckscher-Ohlin model differs from the Ricardo model of comparative advantage is by assuming that _ is (are) identical in all countries. A) factor of production endowments B) scale economies C) factor of production intensities D) techno

5、logy E) opportunity costs Answer: D Question Status: Previous Edition4) The slope of a countrys PPF reflects A) the opportunity cost of product S in terms of product T. B) the opportunity cost of T in terms of money prices. C) the opportunity cost of S or T in terms of S. D) Both A and B. E) Both A

6、and C. Answer: A Question Status: Previous Edition5) The Heckscher-Ohlin model differs from the Ricardian model of Comparative Advantage in that the former A) has only two countries. B) has only two products. C) has two factors of production. D) has two production possibility frontiers (one for each

7、 country). E) None of the above. Answer: C Question Status: Previous Edition 6) A good cannot be both land- and labor-intensive. Discuss. Answer: In a two good, two factor model, such as the original Heckscher-Ohlin framework, the factor intensities are relative intensities. Hence, the relevant stat

8、istic is either workers per acre (or acres per worker); or wage per rental unit (or rental per wage). In order to illustrate the logic of the statement above, let us assume that the production of a broom requires 4 workers and 1 acre. Also, let us assume that the production of one bushel of wheat re

9、quires 40 workers and 80 acres. In this case the acres per person required to produce a broom is one quarter, whereas to produce a bushel of wheat requires 2 acres per person. The wheat is therefore (relatively) land intensive, and the broom is (relatively) labor intensive. Question Status: Previous

10、 Edition7) No country is abundant in everything. Discuss. Answer: The concept of relative (country) factor abundance is (like factor intensities) a relative concept. When we identify a country as being capital intensive, we mean that it has more capital per worker than does the other country. If one

11、 country has more capital worker than another, it is an arithmetic impossibility that it also has more workers per unit capital. Question Status: Previous Edition 8) Refer to above figure. Can you guess which group of producers in Country P might lobby against free trade? Answer: In Country P, the o

12、wners of the relatively scarce factor of production are the owners of capital. Their relative and real incomes will decrease, and so they may well attempt to lobby for protectionism, which may prevent the country from moving to a free trade equilibrium. Question Status: Previous Edition An Economy c

13、an produce good 1 using labor and capital and good 2 using labor and land. The total supply of labor is 100 units. Given the supply of capital, the outputs of the two goods depends on labor input as follows: 9) Refer to the table above. (a)Graph the production functions for good 1 and good 2(b)Graph

14、 the production possibility frontier. Why is it curved? Answer: The production possibility frontier is curved because of the diminishing returns associated with the expansion of output in the short run in each of the two industries. Question Status: Previous Edition10) Refer to the table above. Calc

15、ulate the marginal product of labor for each product, for different labor inputs. Answer: e.g. at 50 workers, the marginal product for 1 is 0.75For product 2 it is 0.65 At 90 workers, the marginal product for 1 is 0.25For product 2 it is 0.15 Question Status: Previous Edition4.2 Effects of Internati

16、onal Trade Between Two-Factor Economies1) In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, a change from autarky (no trade) to trade will benefit the owners of A) capital. B) the relatively abundant factor of production. C) the relatively scarce factor of production. D) the relatively inelastic factor

17、 of production. E) the factor of production with the largest elasticity of substitution. Answer: B Question Status: Previous Edition2) According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, the source of comparative advantage is a countrys A) technology. B) advertising. C) human capital. D) factor endowments. E) B

18、oth A and B. Answer: D Question Status: Previous Edition 3) The Hechscher-Ohlin model states that a country will have a comparative advantage in the good or service whose production is relatively intensive in the _ with which the country is relatively abundant. A) tastes B) technology C) factor of p

19、roduction D) opportunity cost E) scale economy Answer: C Question Status: Previous Edition4) According to the Hecksher-Ohlin model, A) everyone automatically gains from trade. B) the scarce factor necessarily gains from trade. C) the gainers could compensate the losers and still retain gains. D) a c

20、ountry gains if its exports have a high value added. E) None of the above. Answer: C Question Status: Previous Edition5) As opposed to the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, the assumption of diminishing returns in the Heckscher-Ohlin model means that the probability is greater that with trad

21、e A) countries will not be fully specialized in one product. B) countries will benefit from free international trade. C) countries will consume outside their production possibility frontier. D) comparative advantage is primarily supply related. E) None of the above. Answer: A Question Status: Previo

22、us Edition6) Which of the following is false (for the Heckscher-Ohlin model)? A) If tastes are not identical in both countries, wages may still equalize. B) Differences in technologies could be the source of gains from trade. C) Some groups may gain and some may lose due to trade. D) Gains for the t

23、rade-related winners will tend to be larger than losses of losers. E) None of the above. Answer: B Question Status: Previous Edition7) If tastes differed between countries, this could affect A) wage equalization due to trade with no specialization. B) the direction of trade (who exports what to whom

24、). C) the fact that some groups in a country might lose welfare due to trade. D) the fact that the country as a whole will gain from trade. E) None of the above. Answer: B Question Status: Previous Edition Assume that only two countries, A and B, exist. 8) Refer to the table above. If good S is capi

25、tal intensive, then following the Heckscher-Ohlin Theory, A) country A will export good S. B) country B will export good S. C) both countries will export good S. D) trade will not occur between these two countries. E) Insufficient information is given. Answer: B Question Status: Previous Edition9) R

26、efer to the table above. If you are told that Country B is very much richer than Country A, then the correct answer is A) country A will export good S. B) country B will export good S. C) both countries will export good S. D) trade will not occur between these two countries. E) Insufficient informat

27、ion is given. Answer: B Question Status: Previous Edition10) Refer to the table above. You are told that Country B is very much larger than country A. The correct answer is A) country A will export good S. B) country B will export good S. C) both countries will export good S. D) trade will not occur

28、 between these two countries. E) Insufficient information is given. Answer: B Question Status: Previous Edition11) Refer to the table above. You are told that Country B has no minimum wage or child labor laws. Now the correct answer is A) country A will export good S. B) country B will export good S

29、. C) both countries will export good S. D) trade will not occur between these two countries. E) Insufficient information is given. Answer: B Question Status: Previous Edition12) The following are all assumptions that must be accepted in order to apply the Heckscher-Ohlin Theory, except for one A) Co

30、untries differ in their endowments of factors of production. B) Countries differ in their technologies. C) There are two factors of production. D) Production is subject to constant returns to scale. E) One product always requires more machines per worker in its production than does the other product

31、. Answer: B Question Status: Previous Edition 13) In international-trade equilibrium in the Heckscher-Ohlin model, A) the capital rich country will charge less for the capital intensive good than the price paid by the capital poor country for the capital-intensive good. B) the capital rich country w

32、ill charge the same price for the capital intensive good as that paid for it by the capital poor country. C) the capital rich country will charge more for the capital intensive good than the price paid by the capital poor country for the capital-intensive good. D) the workers in the capital rich cou

33、ntry will earn more than those in the poor country. E) the workers in the capital rich country will earn less than those in the poor country. Answer: B Question Status: Previous Edition14) If two countries were very different in their relative factor availabilities, then we would not expect which of

34、 the following to be empirically supported? A) The Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem B) The Factor Price Equalization Theorem C) The Law of One Price D) The Law of Demand E) None of the above. Answer: B Question Status: Previous Edition15) The minimum information required to determine Country As comparative a

35、dvantage is A) the number of hours of labor in the economy of A. B) ratio of labor inputs for products S and T in A. C) total available labor, labor required per unit of S, and labor required per unit of T in A. D) total available labor and the ratio of labor inputs for S and T in A. E) None of the

36、above. Answer: E Question Status: Previous Edition16) The Heckscher-Ohlin model predicts all of the following except A) which country will export which product. B) which factor of production within each country will gain from trade. C) the volume of trade. D) that wages will tend to become equal in

37、both trading countries. E) None of the above. Answer: C Question Status: Previous Edition17) If Australia has relatively more land per worker, and Belgium has relatively more capital per worker, then if trade were to open up between these two countries, A) the relative price of the capital-intensive

38、 product would rise in Australia. B) the world price of the land-intensive product would be higher than it had been in Belgium. C) the world price of the land intensive product would be higher than it had been in Australia. D) the relative price of the land intensive product would rise in Belgium. E

39、) None of the above. Answer: C Question Status: Previous Edition 18) If Australia has more land per worker, and Belgium has more capital per worker, then if trade were to open up between these two countries, A) the real income of capital owners in Australia would rise. B) the real income of labor in

40、 Australia would clearly rise. C) the real income of labor in Belgium would clearly rise. D) the real income of landowners in Belgium would fall. E) the real incomes of capital owners in both countries would rise. Answer: D Question Status: Previous Edition19) If Japan is relatively capital rich and

41、 the United States is relatively land rich, and if food is relatively land intense then trade between these two, formerly autarkic countries will A) lead to perfect specialization with Japan alone producing manufactures. B) create a world relative price of food that is lower than that of the U.S. C)

42、 lower the price of food in both countries. D) raise the price of food in both countries. E) None of the above. Answer: E Question Status: Previous Edition20) The reason trade clearly benefits a country is that A) it raises the real income of the more productive elements in society. B) it lowers the

43、 real income of the less productive elements in society. C) it increases the levels of consumption of everyone. D) it increases societys consumption choices. E) None of the above. Answer: D Question Status: Previous Edition21) If Gambinia has many workers but very little land and even less productiv

44、e capital, then, following the specific factor model, we know that Gambinia has a comparative advantage in A) manufactures. B) food. C) both manufactures and food. D) neither manufactures nor food. E) Not enough information given. Answer: E Question Status: Previous Edition22) If, relative to its trade partners, Gambinia has many workers but very little land and even less productive capital, then, following the specific factor model, in order to help the countrys economic welfare, the Gambinian government should A) protect the