高二化学选修5有机化学基础复习学案.doc
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1、Learn General Secretary on two to learn a strengthening four Consciousnesses important speech caused a strong reaction in the country. Time, watching red treasure, the origin of building the party back to power, how to strengthen services for the masses, improve party cohesion, fighting to become th
2、e grass-roots party members and masses hot topic. Grass-roots party organizations two is to strengthen the service of party members and cadres, the pioneer spirit. Distribution of grass-roots party organizations in all walks of people, clothing, shelter, which belongs to the nerve endings of the par
3、ty organization and comments reputation has a direct perception of the masses. Strengthen the party ahead of the pedal spirit; strengthen the party members and cadres success does not have to be me and the first to bear hardships, the last to service spirit to set the partys positive image among the
4、 people is important. Grass-roots party organizations two is to cleanse all people not happy not to see stereotypes, establish the honest faithful, diligent faith for the people. No need to avoid mentioning that, some members of our party can not stand the money, corrosion of temptation, thin, Xu Zh
5、ou, such abuse and corrupt bribery, malfeasance borers, and rats. Two, is to clean up, thin, Xu, Zhous solution to restore the partys fresh and natural, solid and honest work style. Cleansing take, eat, card, undesirable and behaviour, cross, hard and cold, push attitude. Grass-roots party organizat
6、ions two is to strengthen the sense of ordinary party members, participating in consciousness, unity consciousness. For reasons known, members of grass-roots party branches less mobile, less resources, and the construction of party organizations have some lag. Two studies, is to focus on the grass-r
7、oots party branches loose, soft, loose problem, advance the party members and cadres, a gang working, Hong Kong report. Strong cleanup actions, style and rambling, presumptuous unqualified party members, pays special attention to party members and cadres joining party of thought problem. Party build
8、ing is obtained in the long-term development of our partys historical experience accumulated. Two is our party under the new historical conditions, strengthen the partys construction of a new rectification movement. Grass-roots party organizations should always catch the hard work, results-oriented.
9、 Two educational outcomes are long-term oriented and become an important impetus for the work. Two should have three kinds of consciousness two study and education, basic learning lies in the doing. Only the Constitution address the series of party rules, and do solid work, be qualified party member
10、s had a solid ideological basis. Only the learning and do real unity, to form a learn-learn-do-do the virtuous cycle, and ultimately achieve the fundamental objective of education. This requires that the Organization有机化学基础复习专题1 认识有机化合物(一)有机化学的发展与应用1、打破无机物和有机物界限的化学家是。2、1965年中国世界上第一次人工合成蛋白质结晶牛胰岛素(二)科学
11、家怎么样研究有机物1、有机化合物:含元素的化合物,(除、外)。2、有机物中组成元素种类的确定燃烧法李比希法一般来说,有机物完全燃烧后,各元素对应的产物为C,H。 欲判断有机物中是否含氧元素: 设有机物燃烧后CO2中碳元素的质量为m(C),H2O中氢元素质量为m(H)。若 m(有机物)m(C)m(H)有机物中含有氧元素 m(有机物)m(C)m(H)有机物中不含氧元素 3、有机物分子式的确定(1)直接法(物质的量法):直接求算出1mol有机物中各元素原子的物质的量,即可确定分子式。例:1、充分燃烧0.10mol气态烃,生成0.40molCO2,0.30molH2O。求此烃分子式(2)最简式法:根据
12、有机物中各元素的质量分数(或元素的质量比),求出该有机物的最简式,再根据其相对分子质量求n的值,即可确定分子式。例2:实验测得某碳氢化合物A中含碳80%,含氢20%,又测得该化合物相对分子质量。求该化合物的最简式和分子式。例3:某烃经测定其相对分子质量为56。取该有机化合物样品5.6g,在纯氧中完全燃烧,将产物先后通过浓硫酸和碱石灰,两者分别增重7.2g和17.6g。试求该有机物的分子式。4、有机化合物结构的研究(1)从H1核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)中上可以推知该有机物分子有几种不同类型的原子及它们的数目。氢原子类型数目吸收峰的面积之比不同氢原子的个数之比(2)通过红外光谱可以推知有机物含有
13、哪些。(3)质谱法可确定。 专题2 有机物的结构与分类(三)有机化合物的结构1、有机物中碳原子的成键特点在有机物中,碳原子价层电子数为 ,碳原子总是形成个共价键。在有机物分子中,仅以键方式成键的碳原子称为饱和碳原子;连接在双键、叁键或在苯环上的碳原子(所连原子的数目少于4)称为碳原子。CC单键可以旋转而CC(或三键)不能旋转。2碳原子的成键方式与分子空间构型的关系 (1)当一个碳原子与其它4个原子连接时,这个碳原子将采取取向与之成键;当碳原子之间或碳原子与其它原子之间形成双键时,形成该双键的原子以及与之直接相连的原子处于上;当碳原子之间或碳原子与其它原子之间形成叁键时,形成该叁键的原子以及与之
14、直接相连的原子处于上。 (2)有机物的代表物基本空间结构:甲烷是结构(5个原子不在一个平面上);乙烯是结构(6个原子位于一个平面);乙炔是结构(4个原子位于一条直线);苯环是结构(12个原子位于一个平面)。拓展应用:有机分子空间构型解题规律规律:以碳原子和化学键为立足点,若氢原子被其它原子所代替,其键角基本不变。规律:若两个平面型结构的基团之间以单键相连,这个单键可以旋转,则两个平面可能共面,但不是“一定”。规律:若两个苯环共边,则两个苯环一定共面。规律:若甲基与一个平面型结构相连,则甲基上的氢原子最多有一个氢原子与其共面。若一个碳原子以四个单键与其它原子直接相连,则这四个原子为四面体结构,不
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