智能停车场系统中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx
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1、智 能 停 车 场 系 统 中 英 文 对 照 外 文 翻 译 文 献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原 文 :Intelliaent parking systemAbstractThe basic concepts of the parking reservation system and parking revenue management system are discussed in this paper. The proposed intelligent parking space inventory control system that is based on a combinati
2、on of fuzzy logic and integer programming techniques makes “on line” decisions whether to accept or reject a new drivers request for parking. In the first step of the proposed model, the best parking strategies are developed for many different patterns of vehicle arrivals. These parking strategics a
3、rc developed using integer programming approach. In the wsecond step, learn-ing from the best strategies, specific rules are defined. The uniqueness of the proposed approach is that the rules are derived from the set of chosen examples assuming that the future traffic arrival patterns are known. The
4、 results were found to be close to the best solution assuming that the future arrival pattern is known.Keywords: Traffic; Uncertainty modeling; Control; Parking; Fuzzy logic1. IntroductionEvery day a significant percentage of drivers in single-occupancy vehicles search for a parking space. Additiona
5、lly, less experienced drivers or out-of-towners further contribute to the increase of traffic congestion. Search for a vacant parking space is a typical example of a search process. Every parking search strategy is composed of a set of vague rules. Tt is usually difficult to describe these rules exp
6、licitly. The type of the planned activity, time of a day, day of the week, current congestion on particular routes, knowledge of city streets, and potentially available parking places have significant influence on a chosen parking search strategy- During the last four decades numerous parking search
7、 models have been developed (Vander Goot, 1982; Axhausen and Polak, 1991; Polak and Axhausen,1990; Young et al.,1991a, b; saltzman, 1997; Shoup, 1997; Steiner, 1998; Thompson and Richardson, 1998; Arnott and Rowse, 1999; Tam and Lam, 2000; Wong et al., 2000; Waterson et aL , 2001). In many decision-
8、making situations in transportation (modal split, choice of air carrier, choice of airport,etc.) the competitive alternatives and their characteristics are reasonably well known in advance to the decision maker (passenger, driver). On the other hand, the drivers usually discover diffierent parking a
9、lternatives one by one in a temporal sequence. Clearly, this temporal sequence has a very strong influence on the drivers final decision about the parking placeDuring the past two decades, traffic authorities in many cities (Helsinki, Cologne, Mainz, Stuttgart, Wiesbaden, Aalborg, Hague) havestarted
10、 to inform and guide drivers to parking facilities with real-time var-iable meSwSage signs directional arrows, names of the parking facilities, status (iuil, not iuil, number of available parking spaces, etc.). Information about the number of available parking spaces could be displayed on the major
11、roads, streets and intersections, or it could be distributed through the Internet.It is logical to ask the question about the benefits of the parking guidance systems. Current practice shows that parking guidance systems usually do not change the occupancy rate or average parking duration. Drivers e
12、asily become familiar with the parking guidance systems, and majority of them use, thrust and appreciate the help of the systems. Guidance systems significantly increawSe the probability of finding vacant parking space, mitigate frustration of the drivers - visitors unfamiliar with the city center,
13、decrease the queues in front of parking garages, decrease the total amount of vehicle-miles traveled (particularly in the city centers), decrease the average trip time, energy consumption, and air pol 1 ution. Parking guidance system s a part of comprehensive parking policy and traffic management sy
14、stem, whose other elements are street parking control (including sanctions for the illega丄丄y parked vehicles), parking fare structure, and parking revenue management system.Parking guidance systems help drivers to find vacant parking spaces when they are already on the network, and approaching their
15、 final destination. Throughout this research the concepts of the parking reservation system and parking revenue management system are proposed. Such systems would help drivers to find a vacant parKing space even before beginning their trip. The proposed intelligent parking space inventory control sy
16、wStem that is bawSed on the combination of simulation, optimization techniques, and fuzzy logic makes “real-time” decisions as to whether to reject or accept a new request for parking. The proposed methodology could be applied for parking lots and parking garages in cities and at the big internation
17、al airports-The paper is organized as follows:1. Parking-pricing problems are presented in Section 2. Analogies between parking problems and some other industries are presented in Section 3. The parking revenue management system is introduced in Section 4, and the Intelligent parking space inventory
18、 control system is introduced in Section 5- The algorithm to create intelligent parking spaces inventory control system is presented in Section 6. Results obtained with the “intelligent” parking system are given in Section 7, and Sec-tion 8 presents the concluding remarks and further research orient
19、ations.2. parking pricingIn majority of cities throughout the world drivers pay for using different parking facilities. In some instances, traffic congestion can be significantly reduced as a result of parking price. The parking revenue is usually used to cover parking facility costs (access gates,
20、ticket printers,parking meters, parking wsigns, attendants), or to improve some other traffic and transportation activities. Different parking pricing strategies should be a part of the comprehensive solution approach to the complex traffic congestion problems. There is no doubt that parking pricing
21、 represents one of the important demand management strategics. For example,traffic authorities, local governments and private sector could introduce higher parking tariffs for solo drivers or for long-term parkers in congested city areas. They could provide special parking discounts to vanpoolers. O
22、bviously parking pricing should be carefully studied in the context of the considered city area (down-town, residential, commercial, retail use areas).In some cities (Madison, Wisconsin) there are already time dependent parking fees that force commuters to switch to diffierent alternatives of public
23、 transportation . Trying to promote public transit San Francisco traffic authorities increased parking tariffs at public and commercial garages. The Chicago authorities raised parking rates few times. As a consequence, the total number of cars parked significantly decreased, as well as parking durat
24、ion time- The greatest decrease was in the number of all day parkers. Authorities in Seattle significantly reduced parking tariffs for carpool at two Seattle parking facilities in downtown Active role in parking pricing strategies could also have employers paying for employees parking. Employers who
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